<p>Montauk Manor is a historic resort hotel located in the hamlet of Montauk in Suffolk County, New York, on Long Island. It was built in 1926 by Carl G. Fisher and is a three-story, 200-room hotel in the Tudor Revival style. It was designed by Schultze and Weaver, the firm responsible for several Miami Beach-area hotels, The Breakers in Palm Beach, The Biltmore in Los Angeles, and The Pierre, The Sherry-Netherland and the Waldorf-Astoria in Manhattan, New York City.</p><br>
<p>The first floor of the hotel contains a variety of public rooms and service areas. The second and third floors contain hotel rooms and the attic is generally unfinished. It operates as a 140-apartment resort condominium hotel and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>Montauk Tennis Auditorium, also known as Montauk Playhouse, is a historic tennis center located at Montauk in Suffolk County, New York, just below Montauk Manor. It was built in 1928-1929 as one of the central buildings of the great resort which developer Carl G. Fisher planned and partially completed in the 1920s. The Tudor Revival style structure is of light steel frame construction sheathed in prefabricated plywood frame panels and coated in stucco. The base is formed of rough fieldstone. The building is composed of three main volumes: two main gable roofed volumes mark the main tennis halls while the lower, shed roofed volume contains the lobbies and lounges. It began being used for stage productions in the 1950s. It now operates as a community playhouse.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>Reedy Lake, historically also known as Lake Reedy, is a shallow 5.5 km&sup2; intermittent freshwater lake or swamp on the lower reaches of the Barwon River, on the Bellarine Peninsula southeast of Geelong in the Australian state of Victoria.</p><br>
<h2>Location and features</h2><br>
<p>The lake is included in the Lake Connewarre State Game Reserve, managed by Parks Victoria and is the largest freshwater swamp in central Victoria, and is part of a wetland complex which includes Hospital Swamp, Lake Connewarre, Salt Swamp and the Barwon estuary. The lake&#39;s outlet to the tidal lower Barwon River is controlled by a weir. The lake is listed under the Ramsar Convention as a wetland of international significance, as part of the Port Phillip Bay (Western Shoreline) and Bellarine Peninsula Ramsar Site.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Six thousand years ago Reedy Lake was part of a large marine bay. With a subsequent change in relative sea level it was cut off from the sea by a barrier of sand dunes, and its bed covered by a layer of alluvial clay deposited by the Barwon River. Before European settlement of the area in the early 19th century the lake was an ephemeral wetland that became saline in summer from the seepage of salty ground-water and occasional exceptionally high tides. In winter it usually became fresh, as river floods flushed out the saline water.</p><br>
<p>The first barrier across the Barwon was built in 1838 to provide fresh water for Geelong. In 1899 a second barrier, known as the lower breakwater was built further downstream on the river at the southern boundary of Reedy Lake, making it a predominantly freshwater wetland, with an extensive cover of vegetation, that supported diverse populations of waterbirds and other aquatic wildlife. By the 1930s its natural values were becoming appreciated and, in 1935, it was temporarily reserved for "public purposes". Later it was protected permanently and its level of protection upgraded to that of game reserve. During the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s further works were carried out and refinements added, such as inlet pipes from the river above the lower breakwater and an outlet channel with a flow regulator, to maintain and control water levels in the lake.</p><br>
<p>In the early 1990s the lake began to suffer degradation as the more permanent and deeper water levels allowed a large population of the introduced common carp to build up. The feeding behaviour of the carp undermined the reedbeds and increased water turbidity, leading to the death of submerged plants, decreased oxygen levels and the decline of small aquatic wildlife. This was remedied in 1996-1997 by drying out the lake to kill the carp before allowing it to fill again. Since then water levels have been closely managed, with some seasonal drying in summer, to limit carp numbers and to maintain areas of open water as waterbird habitat.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>The lake is floristically rich and includes some 50 native freshwater aquatic vascular plants. There are freshwater, subsaline and saline plant communities, with zones of saltmarsh and sedgeland around the perimeter of the lake shifting in response to changing water levels. Other plant communities are Muehlenbeckia shrubland, samphire herbland and Phragmites australis reedswamp. There are areas of open water round the edge of the lake and as channels and lagoons in the reedbeds, as well as a central area in the deepest part of the lake known as the "Big Hole".</p><br>
<p>A wide variety of waterbird species use the lake, many of them breeding there, sometimes in large numbers. In spring straw-necked ibis, Australian white ibis and royal spoonbills form large breeding colonies, sometimes of up to 10,000-20,000 birds. Other waterbirds with recorded counts of over 1000 at some time include the Australian shelduck, Pacific black duck, Australasian shoveler, grey and chestnut teal, purple swamphen, Eurasian coot, red-necked stint, sharp-tailed sandpiper, silver gull and whiskered tern. Other species of which the lake is recorded as holding regionally high numbers are magpie geese, glossy ibis, brolga, Australian spotted crake, black-tailed godwit, marsh sandpiper, black-winged stilt, red-kneed dotterel and white-winged black tern. The lake is a stronghold of the endangered Australasian bittern.</p><br>
<p>The Whitewater Hotel in Whitewater, Wisconsin was built in 1894.</p><br>
<p>It was renovated in 2006.</p><br>
<p>According to the National Park Service:</p><br>
<p>Between its construction in 1894 and its general demise as a functioning hotel around 1952, the Whitewater Hotel was an important component in the commercial life of the city of Whitewater. During this period, Whitewaters economy was almost entirely dependent upon commerce and the only area of growth was in agricultural commerce. The Whitewater Hotel had a prime location near businesses catering to agricultural commerce. The Hotels location across the street from the Whitewater Passenger Depot gave it a ready-made clientele for people using the railroad. In 2006 the Whitewater Hotel was renovated under the federal and state tax credit program for the historic renovation of National Register-eligible buildings. Today, the building is used for apartments and a cafe.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places on January 21, 2010.</p><br>
<p>The Rote Wand  is a mountain in the Lechquellen Mountains range of Vorarlberg, in western Austria.</p><br>
<p>The second highest mountain at in the range, behind the lower pit Wildgrubenspitze(2,753 m) in the mountains of Lech sources, it rises from the valley floor between the Großes Walsertal in the north, and Dalaas (Monastery Valley) in the south. The name "Red Wall/(Rote Wand)" originates from the distinct red-Lias limestone, which is particularly striking in the south wall. On the north side is a small glacier, the source of the Meng River.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is a popular hiking destination, but designated only for experienced, sure-footed mountain walkers. The route can be accessed from the Alpe Laguz, Alpe Klesenza, the Freiburger hut and the Formarinsee. All routes lead via a very steep climb up the north-West flank, via the north ridge to the summit.</p><br>
<p>The first described ascent was by Otto Freiherr von Sternbach and in 1867, following a route explored but not finished by Anton Neyer from Bludenz and the guide Ferdinand Heine in th 1840s. However, the peak had been reached before by unknown climbers as Douglass and Sternbach found a signal pole on the summit. After 1867 the mountain was a popular destination for mountaineers. In 1874 John Sholto Douglass, a native of Vorarlberg of Scottish descent, fell to his death near the Rote Wand while hunting chamois.</p><br>
<p>In much literature the first ascent is ascribed to David Pappus and companions on 25 July 1610 during his exploration of the borders of the Sonnenberg and Bludenz Counties. Pappus did however not mention this in his detailed account. The "Rote Wand" that he did describe climbing is the 2,105 m high Garsellakopf on the border with Liechtenstein.</p><br>
<p>Tell Balata  is the site of the remains of an ancient Canaanite/Israelite city located in the Palestinian West Bank. The built-up area of Balata, a Palestinian village and suburb of Nablus, covers about one-third of the tell, and overlooks a vast plain to the east.</p><br>
<p>The Palestinian village of Salim (biblical Salem) is located 4.5 km to the</p><br>
<p>east.</p><br>
<p>The site is listed by UNESCO as part of the Inventory of Cultural and Natural Heritage Sites of Potential Outstanding Universal Value in the Palestinian Territories. Experts estimate that the towers and buildings at the site date back 5,000 years to the Chalcolithic and Bronze Ages.</p><br>
<h2>Modern name</h2><br>
<p>Tell is the Hebrew and Arabic word for an archaeological mound.</p><br>
<p>Balata is the name of the ancient Arab village located on the tell, and of the adjacent Palestinian refugee camp of Balata established in 1950. The name was preserved by local residents and used to refer both to the village and the hill (and later on, the refugee camp).</p><br>
<p>One theory holds that balata is a derivation of the Aramaic word Balut, meaning acorn; another theory holds that it is a derivation of the Byzantine-Roman era, from the Greek word platanos, meaning terebinth, a type of tree that grew around the spring of Balata. The local Samaritan community traditionally called the site The Holy Oak or The Tree of Grace.</p><br>
<h2>Identification as ancient Shechem</h2><br>
<p>Traditionally, the site has been associated with biblical Samaritan city of Shechem said by Josephus to have been destroyed by John Hyrcanus I, based on circumstantial evidence such as its location and preliminary evidence of habitation during the late Bronze and early Iron Ages. Tell Balata lies in a mountain pass between Mount Gerizim and Mount Ebal, a location that fits well with the geographical description provided for Shechem in the Bible. No inscriptional evidence to support this conclusion has been found in situ, and other sites have also been identified as the possible site of biblical Shechem; for example, Y. Magen places locates that city nearby, on Mount Gerizim at a site covering an area of 30 hectares.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<p>The site was first excavated by a German team led by Ernst Sellin from 1913 to 1914. After the end of World War I, work by Sellin was resumed in 1926 and lasted until 1934 with the last few seasons led by G. Welter.</p><br>
<p>Ernst Sellin, Die Ausgrabungen von Sichem. Kurze vorlaufige Mitteilung</p><br>
<p>uber die Arbeit im Fruhjahr 1926, Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins,</p><br>
<p>vol 49, pp. 229-236, pls. 26-31, 1926</p><br>
<p>Ernst Sellin, Die Ausgrabungen von Sichem. Kurze vorlaufige Mitteilung</p><br>
<p>uber die Arbeit im Sommer 1926, ZDPV, vol 49, pp. 304-320, pls. 32-46, 1926</p><br>
<p>Ernst Sellin, Die Ausgrabungen von Sichem. Kurze vorlaufige Mitteilung</p><br>
<p>uber die Arbeit im Fruhjahr 1927, ZDPV, vol 50, pp. 205-211, pls. 11-18, 1927</p><br>
<p>Ernst Sellin, Die Ausgrabungen von Sichem. Kurze vorlaufige Mitteilung</p><br>
<p>uber die Arbeit im Sommer 1927, ZDPV, vol 50, pp. 265-274, pls. 22-30, 1927</p><br>
<p>Excavations were conducted at Tell Balata by the American Schools of Oriental Research, Drew University, and the McCormick Theological Seminary in 8 seasons between 1956 and 1964 when the West Bank was under the rule of Jordan.</p><br>
<p>Archaeologists who took part in this expedition included Paul and Nancy Lapp, Albert Glock, Lawrence Toombs, Edward Campbell, Robert Bull, Joe Seeger, and William G. Dever, among others. Further excavations are to be undertaken by Palestinian archaeologists along with students from the University of Leiden in the Netherlands as part of a joint effort funded by the Dutch government.</p><br>
<p>A 2002 final published report on the stratigraphic and architectural evidence at Tell Balata indicates that there was a break in occupation between the end of the Late Bronze Age (c. 1150 BC) through to the early Iron Age II (c. 975 BC).Edward F. Campbell, Shechem III: The Stratigraphy and Architecture of Shechem/Tell Balâtah. Vol. 1. Text. Vol. 2. The Illustrations,</p><br>
<p>American Schools of Oriental Research, 2002,</p><br>
<p>A small quadrangular altar discovered in Tell Balata, similar to ones found in other Iron Age sites such as Tel Arad and Tel Dan, may have been used for burning incense.</p><br>
<p>One of the oldest coins discovered in Palestine was an electrum Greek Macedonian coin, dated to circa 500 BC, found at Tell Balata. There is evidence that the site was inhabited in the Hellenistic period until the end of the 2nd century BC. This Hellenistic era city was founded in the late 4th century BC and extended over an area of 6 hectares. The built structure shows evidence of considerable damage dated to the 190s BC, and attributed to Antiochus III&#39;s conquest of Israel. Habitation continued until the final destruction of the city at this site in the late 2nd century BC.</p><br>
<p>The Makauwahi Cave is the largest limestone cave found in Hawaii. It lies on the south coast of the island of Kauai, in the Māhāulepū Valley close to Māhāulepū Beach, and is important for its paleoecological and archaeological values. It is reached via a sinkhole and has been described as “…maybe the richest fossil site in the Hawaiian Islands, perhaps in the entire Pacific Island region”.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Though known historically by the inhabitants of the island, and used as a grave site by ancient Hawaiians, the cave’s paleontological value was first realized in 1992 by David Burney, Lida Pigott Burney, Helen F. James and Storrs L. Olson, who found the cave’s access sinkhole while searching for fossil sites on the south coast of Kauai. The traditional name of the cave, Makauwahi, or “smoke eye” in Hawaiian, was rediscovered in 2000 by a local archaeologist, William Pila Kikuchi, who found the name in a high school student’s essay written over a century previously.</p><br>
<p>In 2004 the Burneys acquired a lease on the cave property, now the 17 hectare Makauwahi Cave Reserve, which is subject to environmental restoration after having been used for sugarcane and maize farming before being abandoned to weeds. The area is being planted with threatened native plants, such as the local Pritchardia palm.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The site is apparently geologically unique in the Hawaiian Islands, comprising a sinkhole paleolake within a large cave system formed in eolianite limestone. The paleolake contains nearly 10,000 years of sedimentary record; since the discovery of Makauwahi as a fossil site, excavations have found pollen, seeds, diatoms, invertebrate shells, and Polynesian artifacts, as well as thousands of bird and fish bones.</p><br>
<p>The findings document not only the conditions before human colonization of the Hawaiian islands, but also the millennium of human occupation with the drastic ecological changes that occurred since first Polynesians, and later Europeans and Asians, arrived in the islands along with a suite of invasive alien species. They reveal the existence of a large number of native birds that became extinct as a result. The cave has also shown that certain plants previously believed to be Polynesian introductions, such as Kou (Cordia subcordata) and Hala (Pandanus tectorius), existed on the islands prior to human settlement.</p><br>
<p>Remains of some 40 species of birds have been found in the cave; half of these species are now extinct. New discoveries of extinct species include the turtle-jawed moa-nalo (Chelychelynechen quassus), the blind and flightless Kaua&#39;i mole duck (Talpanas lippa), and the Kauai palila (Loxioides kikuichi).</p><br>
<p>Ras al-Bassit , historically known as Posideion or Posideium, is a small cape located 53 km north of Latakia, Syria on the Mediterranean Sea. The cape is a popular resort destination and the coastline is unusual for its distinctive black sand beaches.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Ras al-Bassit is thought to be the site of the ancient Hellenic city of Posideium, mentioned by both Strabo and Herodotus.</p><br>
<p>Excavations led by French archaeologist between 1971 and 1984 revealed a small settlement back to the Late Bronze Age, when it may have functioned as an outpost of Ugarit, to the south. Unlike Ugarit, Bassit survived to the passage of the Sea Peoples and into the Iron Age. It had strong links with Phoenicia and Cyprus, and a Greek presence was attested from the 7th century BCE. Bassit expanded and its acropolis was fortified in the Hellenistic period.</p><br>
<p>The Canadian archaeological excavations undertaken in 2000 have been focusing on the late Roman and Byzantine occupation of the site (Université du Québec à Rimouski / Université de Montréal). Bassit thrived from the late 3rd to the early 6th centuries CE; this period is marked by a number of important building projects. A church complex was built at the foot of the acropolis in the 6th century, as the site was starting to decline; the site seems to have been gradually abandoned soon after the Arab conquest. Excavation in the church yielded a small chapel from the Crusades period (12th to 13th centuries).</p><br>
<p>The port was still in use during the Crusades and was a destination for Venetian ships in the 15th to 16th centuries. By the 19th century, it was used only by the local fishing community.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Immediately to the north is Mount Aqraa, the highest mountain on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean.</p><br>
<p>St. John the Baptist Catholic Church is a historic Roman Catholic church in Marion Township, Mercer County, Ohio, United States. Located in the unincorporated community of Maria Stein, it is the home of an active congregation and has been recognized as a historic site because of its well-preserved late nineteenth-century Romanesque Revival architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Parish history</h2><br>
<p>The community of St. Johns was established in 1833. Its name was selected because all of its early male settlers bore the name of John. When the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton Railway expanded through Mercer County some years later, its surveyors chose a path through the small community of Maria Stein, to the west of St. Johns. As these two communities were separated by only 0.5 mi, business interests migrated to the vicinity of the railroad, and the two communities eventually merged under the name of Maria Stein.</p><br>
<p>Large numbers of Catholics from northern Europe settled in southern Mercer County and surrounding regions in the early nineteenth century because of the activities of the Society of the Precious Blood in the region. The center of the society&#39;s activities was the Maria Stein Convent, located less than 1 mi north of St. Johns. From this convent was derived the name of the community.</p><br>
<p>St. John the Baptist Parish was founded in St. Johns in 1837 by priests of the Society from the village of Minster to the east; at that time, it was dedicated to John the Baptist. A small log church was erected to house the congregation, but the number of parishioners soon grew to the point that it was inadequate to house the congregation. Accordingly, a brick church was built to replace the log structure. As the membership continued to grow, multiple additions were built onto the original structure. By the 1880s, the parish had decided to replace the old brick church entirely with a yet larger building.</p><br>
<p>Today, St. John&#39;s remains an active parish of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. It is part of the Marion Catholic Community cluster, along with Precious Blood parish in Chickasaw, Nativity of the Blessed Virgin parish in Cassella, St. Rose parish in St. Rose, and St. Sebastian parish in Sebastian. The entire cluster is a part of the St. Marys Deanery.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The current St. Johns Church was completed in 1888 at a cost of $40,145. Its architecture, which has been ranked among the leading churches of Mercer County, features a massive tower that was designed to house four tower clocks. Large amounts of sandstone are used to trim the corners of the brick church, which can be entered through three doors at the base of the tower. The church is built on a stone foundation and is topped with a gabled roof of asphalt. Many rounded lancet windows of stained glass illuminate the interior; among the most prominent of its windows are those of the sacristy, which feature deep blue stained glass. The churchs heavily decorated interior includes elaborate altars and a reredos built in the Romanesque Revival style.</p><br>
<p>A renovation project in the 1960s removed many of the exterior decorative features, including tops of the side pilasters, trim on the rounded windows and tower, and border around the upper exterior nave. The church interior has not been renovated as extensively.</p><br>
<p>Architectural historians have divided the Precious Blood-related churches of western Ohio into four generations. St. John&#39;s is typical of the churches of the third generation, which are generally Gothic Revival structures with a single central tower. It is one of six extant churches from this period that were designed by J.A. Decurtins and his sons.</p><br>
<h2>Related buildings</h2><br>
<p>Two different Catholic schools have been operated by the parish. Its high school building (now demolished), erected in 1930, was built on the opposite side of State Route 119 from the church; after some years as a high school, it was converted into an elementary school. An earlier school, established and closed on unknown dates, was formerly operated in association with St. Johns Church. In 1907, this schools 200 students were taught by the Sisters of the Precious Blood.</p><br>
<p>Located immediately to the east of the church is a rectory, built in 1906. Designed by the DeCurtins family in a combination of architectural styles, its walls are built of brick, laid in a stretcher bond; the square structure rests on a stone foundation and is covered by a slate roof that is pierced by multiple dormer windows. In addition to its buildings, the parish maintains a cemetery adjacent to the church.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>In 1977, St. Johns Church and its associated rectory were recorded by the Ohio Historic Inventory, a historic preservation program of the Ohio State Historic Preservation Office. This architectural survey ranked both buildings in good condition with no threats to their historic integrity. Two years later, the church and rectory were listed together on the National Register of Historic Places because of their architectural significance. More than thirty other buildings in western Ohio related to the Society of the Precious Blood were listed on the National Register at the same time as part of a multiple property submission. These historic buildings, both churches and other church-related structures, are the namesake of the region of rural western Ohio known as the "Land of the Cross-Tipped Churches." St. Johns Church lies in the middle of this heavily Catholic area, just 0.5 mi away from its center at the Maria Stein Convent.</p><br>
<p>St. Joseph Catholic Church is a former Catholic parish of the Diocese of Davenport. The church is located in the west end of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. The church and the rectory were listed together on the Davenport Register of Historic Properties in 1999. After serving as the location of a Reformed Baptist congregation and a private elementary school named Marquette Academy, the parish property now houses a fundamentalist Christian ministry named One Eighty.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>St. Joseph Parish</h3><br>
<p>St. Joseph Parish was originally established as St. Kunigunda’s in 1855 in the Diocese of Dubuque. It was named for St. Kunigunda, and served the German immigrants who settled in the western part of the city. Judge C.G.R. Mitchell donated the property for the church. A stone building was dedicated May 25, 1856 by the parish’s pastor Father Flammang, who conducted the services in Latin and German. He was succeeded in 1857 by Rev. John Baumgarten who stayed for a year, and then the parish was without a pastor for six months. Rt. Rev. Msgr. Anton Niermann became the pastor on April 2, 1859. Rev. Frank Kottenstette was named assistant pastor in 1900. He was followed by the Revs. Albers P. Stahl, P. Herbst, J. Snyder, and B. Kueppenbender. Msgr. Niermann was succeeded as pastor by the Rev. N.J. Peiffer in 1905.</p><br>
<p>As the parish continued to grow it was decided to build a new church. The cornerstone was laid in 1881, the same year as the Diocese of Davenport was established. It was at this time that the parish name was changed to St. Joseph, probably because if its proximity to St. Mary’s Church which was built two blocks to the west in 1867. The new church was dedicated on September 16, 1883. The former church building was converted into a school. It is possible that this building was converted into the convent and continues to stand, radically modified, behind the church. St. Joseph School was served by the School Sisters of St. Francis from Milwaukee.</p><br>
<p>Significant changes occurred starting in the 1960s. The ethnic makeup of the neighborhood around St. Joseph changed. The original German immigrant community was gone and the people who replaced them were largely not Catholic. Changes were made in the liturgy to accommodate the reforms of the Second Vatican Council. The liturgies were now celebrated in English. The communion rail was removed and a new altar, which allowed the priest to face the congregation, was put in place. The old altars and statues, however, remained in the church. By the 1970s sizeable numbers of Mexican Americans began moving into the area, and a liturgy in Spanish was added. The Spanish speaking community stayed until the late 1980s, when they moved to St. Mary’s.</p><br>
<h3>Post-St. Joseph's</h3><br>
<p>The school continued until 1968 when it was merged with St. Mary’s School and renamed Holy Trinity. The merger lasted into the 1990s when St. Mary’s ended its participation. Because of declining numbers, the diocese decided to close the school in 1999. An independent group of people bought the school that year and it reopened as Holy Trinity Mission School. A few years later it was renamed Marquette Academy. The parish, which never had defined territorial boundaries because it was established as a German ethnic parish, continued to decline in numbers and it was also closed in 1999. The building became a part of Holy Trinity Mission School. In 2008 the church and rectory were purchased by a non-denominational congregation and it became Legacy Church. The church later became Grace Fellowship Church, a Reformed Baptist congregation. The One Eighty ministry acquired the entire St. Joseph Parish property in 2016 as their headquarters. The ministry serves people on the margins in a variety of programs.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Davenport architect Victor Huot designed St. Josephs in the High Victorian Gothic style. Huot had previously designed St. Marys Church. The building is a Basilica-plan church with its main entrance at the base of the gable-end tower. It is constructed in brick on a stone foundation. The decorative brickwork, especially the corbel table at the eaves, is one of its most distinguished features. Its verticality is achieved by way of the exaggerated pendant corbelling and the tall, pointed-arch windows. The windows on the main facade, along the side walls and in the apse are all paired lancet windows that are filled with stained glass. There is also a tracery rose window in the tower. The tower itself features a tall, slender spire that rises above sharply-drawn gables on the bell-chamber.</p><br>
<p>Holy Family Catholic Church is a historic Roman Catholic church in Wayne Township, Darke County, Ohio, United States. Located in the unincorporated community of Frenchtown, it houses an active congregation, and it has been accorded historic site status because of its well-preserved Gothic Revival architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Parish history</h2><br>
<p>The first settlers of northeastern Darke County and southwestern Shelby County were predominantly French. The first parish in the region encompassed the areas now divided between St. Denis Parish in Versailles, St. Remy Parish in Russia, and Holy Family Parish. it was a mother church of the Missionaries of the Precious Blood, who were beginning to minister to the Catholic population of the region at this time. In 1846, St. Remy and Holy Family parishes were created as separate parishes, while St. Valbert relocated to Versailles and was rededicated to St. Denis in 1864.</p><br>
<p>Members of Holy Family Church quickly began to organize their congregation, completing a log church by the end of 1846; after it burned in 1848, another log church was built. As more French settlers continued to arrive in the 1850s and early 1860s, the church became too small, and the members decided to erect a larger brick structure.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The present Holy Family Church was completed in 1866 in the Gothic Revival style. Its gabled roof is topped with a bell tower; the walls are of brick painted white, and the building rests on a stone foundation without a basement. Most of the exterior remains little changed from its original format, although the entrance has been hidden by the addition of a small structure in 1964. The interior has been changed more substantially than the exterior; the original elaborate altars and statues have been removed, and the original baptistery and sacristy have been replaced by a new baptistery and sacristy in the 1964 addition. Still present is the interior lighting from the original lancet windows of stained glass, each inscribed with the name of the individuals who paid for the window.</p><br>
<p>Architectural historians have divided the Precious Blood-related churches of western Ohio into multiple generations. Only a few buildings remain from the first generation, which consisted primarily of small wooden churches, and only St. Johns Church in Fryburg remains essentially unchanged. Replacing these wooden buildings were the churches of the second generation, which were generally small brick buildings without tall spires. Holy Familys simple rectangular plan and small bell tower makes it a fine example of the churches of the second generation.</p><br>
<h2>Related properties</h2><br>
<p>Located on the southwestern corner of Frenchtown&#39;s primary intersection, that of Burns Road and State Route 185, the church is partially surrounded by other properties associated with the parish. Members of Holy Family Church first built a rectory for their pastor in 1850. It was replaced by a larger brick structure in the 1880s; it lies on the northern side of Burns Road, directly across from the church. A more recent parish hall is located on the southern side of the road to the west of the church. A church cemetery, small but heavily used, lies immediately to the south and east of the church. Founded before the establishment of the parish, the cemetery includes burials as old as 1842; it is officially known as the "Frenchtown Cemetery," although it has also been known as the "Holy Family Cemetery."</p><br>
<h2>Recent history</h2><br>
<p>A 1977 architectural survey ranked the churchs exterior in good condition; its interior was only noted as "modified." In 1979, Holy Family Catholic Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Thirty-two other properties, including twenty-five other churches, were listed on the National Register at the same time as part of a multiple property submission of properties in western Ohio related to the Missionaries of the Precious Blood. Among these thirty-two other buildings were St. Remys Church in Russia and two other churches in northeastern Darke County. The tall towers and Gothic Revival architecture of many of these churches has caused this region of western Ohio to be nicknamed the "Land of the Cross-Tipped Churches."</p><br>
<p>Today, Holy Family is an active parish of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. It is clustered with Immaculate Conception Parish in Bradford, St. Denis Parish in Versailles, and St. Mary Parish in Greenville. The entire cluster is a part of the Sidney Deanery.</p><br>
<p>The Admiral Apartments, originally the Wheeldon Apartments and also known as the Admiral Hotel Apartments, is a five-story brick Tudor Revival apartment building in downtown Portland, Oregon, United States, that was built in 1909. It has been on the National Register of Historic Places since 1990.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was designed by Emil Schacht and Son and built in 1909.</p><br>
<p>The apartments were upscale with two to five bedrooms, hardwood floors, and an electric dumbwaiter service. By 1913, the neighborhood was changing and the building was home to at least three "sporting girls" (prostitutes). In October 1929, a two-alarm fire on the first floor quickly spread up to the attic and roof. Half of the structure was completely undamaged, but the fire caused $10,000–$15,000 in damage. The damage did not spread to the neighboring Heathman Hotel.</p><br>
<p>In 1921, Alice W. Nelson started a trust with the Portland Trust & Savings Bank after her husband died, and one investment in the trust was a loan to the owners of the Admiral Apartments. During the Great Depression, income in Nelsons trust account declined due in part to the trustees (the bank) difficulty in collecting the mortgage payments from the owner of the apartments, which were also sold at a loss by the owners. Nelson sued the bank, claiming they mismanaged her trust account, but she lost the trial and on appeal to the Oregon Supreme Court.</p><br>
<p>By the 1970s, the building was a flophouse.</p><br>
<p>Starting in 2009, the apartments were completely renovated by Walsh Construction using a SERA Architects design. The remodeling was paid for by the Portland Development Commission and Oregon Housing and Community Services Department. Portland&#39;s REACH Community Development Corporation was listed as the owner.</p><br>
<p>The Maplewood School, also known as Grammar School No. 5, is a historic school building at 434 Maplewood Avenue in Bridgeport, Connecticut. It was built in 1893, and was designed by Longstaff & Hurd. As a result of overcrowding, in 1903 architect Henry A. Howe, Jr. designed additions, which were built onto both fronts of the school. In 1908, the school was once again enlarged with an annex designed by Joseph W. Northrop. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990 and includes two contributing buildings.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>Maplewood School is historically significant as an example of the development of Bridgeport&#39;s school system in the late 19th and early 20th century. A rapidly expanding Bridgeport was then undertaking a massive building program to replace its aging one and two-room schoolhouses with modern schools.</p><br>
<p>Vol Walker Hall  is a building on the University of Arkansas campus in Fayetteville, Arkansas. It contains the Fay Jones School of Architecture. The structure was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<h2>Eponym</h2><br>
<p>The University of Arkansas Board of Trustees changed the name to honor James Volney "Vol" Walker in the spring of 1934. An 1877 University of Arkansas alumnus, respected lawyer, and member of the Arkansas legislature, Walker was instrumental in keeping the University in Fayetteville despite efforts to move it.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Vol Walker Hall was born when University President John C. Futrall decided to utilized Public Works Administration funds available to the University of Arkansas to build a new library. Planning for the new library (and also a new science building) began in March 1931. A similar library at the University of Rochester was used as a blueprint, and eventually Futrall brought in the original designers of the Rochester library, Gordon and Kaehler.</p><br>
<p>The hall contained the University library from 1935 until 1968, when it was supplanted by Mullins Library. It was at this time that the name was changed to Vol Walker Hall.</p><br>
<h2>Expansion</h2><br>
<p>A three-year renovation and expansion of Walker Hall was completed in 2014, culminating in the new Steven L. Anderson Design Center being attached to the historic structure. The design center added 37,000 ft&sup2; of studio, faculty, and classroom space and allows the Fay Jones School of Architecture to be entirely housed under one roof for the first time. Designed by the School of Architectures Distinguished Professor Marlon Blackwell, the expansion has received several awards in the architecture community, including the 2014 American Institute of Architects (AIA) Gulf States Honor Award and Architects Newspapers Building of the Year.</p><br>
<p>Marine Street Beach is a public beach located in the community of La Jolla in San Diego, California, on the Pacific Ocean. It sits at the western terminus of Marine Street, with Children&#39;s Pool Beach to the north and Windansea Beach to the south. The surf has been described as rough and not suitable for children. However, the rough surf has made the beach popular with surfers and bodyboarders. Nearby kelp beds host marine life making the area a popular dive spot. Marine Street Beach is patrolled by lifeguards in the summer, and on peak weekends during the spring and fall. Facilities are limited, with no public bathrooms, picnic areas, or a designated parking lot. Free parking is available on surface streets in the surrounding residential neighborhood.</p><br>
<p>Nathaniel Rogers House is a historic home located at Bridgehampton in Suffolk County, New York. It is a Greek Revival–style residence significantly expanded and altered about 1840. It is a -story temple front and flanking 1-story wings. the full facade portico has four Ionic order columns supporting a full entabulature with no pediment. It once had a cupola and balustrade, but they were removed after the New England Hurricane of 1938. For many years it was operated as a hotel and restaurant.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The house was purchased by the Bridgehampton Historical Society (now The Bridgehampton Museum) and donated to the town of Southampton, New York. The Society plans to renovate the house and use it as its headquarters and for exhibits.</p><br>
<p>Maycroft is a historic estate located at North Haven in Suffolk County, New York. The main house was built in 1886 and is a massive Queen Anne / Shingle Style frame residence. It features horizontal massing, asymmetrical composition, high-pitched multigabled roof, prominent tower and chimneys, and multi-paned window sash. Also on the property are a carriage house, tennis pavilion, brick garage, and frame storage shed. In 1921, the property was deeded to the Episcopal Diocese of Long Island and used initially as a summer camp and vacation retreat for business women. In 1952, it was occupied by the Teachers of the Children of God order, who operate the Tuller School.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>James L. Breese House, also known as "The Orchard", is a historic home located at Southampton in Suffolk County, New York. It was designed as a summer residence between 1897 and 1906 by the prominent architectural firm of McKim, Mead, and White in the Colonial Revival style. An 1858 house original to the site was incorporated into the structure. It is two and one half stories high and clad with white painted wood shingles. It features a two story portico, reminiscent of Mount Vernon.</p><br>
<p>Breese was a close friend of architect Stanford White, commissioning modifications and additions until the latters death. The homes spectacular 70-foot "music room" is believed to be White&#39;s last completed project.</p><br>
<p>From 1926 to 1956, it was owned by Charles E. Merrill (1885–1956), who deeded it to Amherst College. Amherst College later sold it to the Nyack School for Boys, which closed in 1977. It is located within the Southampton Village Historic District.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Atwater–Ciampolini House, also known as the Charles Atwater House, is located at 321 Whitney Avenue in New Haven, Connecticut, at the southwest corner of intersection with Edwards Street. It is an important example of Shingle style architecture. It was designed by New York City-based architects Babb, Cook and Willard and was built during 1890-92. For many years the property had served as offices for Thompson and Peck, an insurance agency.</p><br>
<p>The house was documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey with photographs taken in 1964, 1967, and 1970, and it is a contributing property in the Whitney Avenue Historic District that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989. According to HABS documentation, the building is discussed and illustrated in Vincent J. Scully, Jr.&#39;s The Shingle Style (1955, Yale University Press). That book is one of the principal documents of the Shingle style.</p><br>
<p>The house has gable front, strip windows, and a shingled exterior. The house is two and a half stories tall. A two-story addition at the rear was added in 1969; the architect for the addition was Henry Miller.</p><br>
<p>In the 1988 nomination of the Whitney Avenue Historic District, the house was described as follows:</p><br>
<p>The Charles Atwater House of 1890 at 321 Whitney Avenue, recalls McKim, Mead and White&#39;s William Low House of Bristol, Rhode Island, of 1887 in its low, spreading roof and banded fenestration with windows separated by panels; it was designed by the nationally renowned firm of Babb, Cook and Willard.</p><br>
<p>In 1890 the deed was put into the name of Helen G. Atwater, wife of Charles Atwater, when the property was purchased from previous owners. Charles apparently died in 1916 and Helen remarried to Ettore Ciampolini in 1922. The house was purchased by Thompson and Peck in 1968. Today, the Atwater–Ciampolini House serves as the law offices of Balzano & Tropiano, P.C., trial lawyers.</p><br>
<p>Woolsey Bridge  is a truss bridge built in 1925 located near West Fork, Arkansas. It carries County Route 35 over the West Fork of the White River for 303.0 ft. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The bridge is historic as the only surviving bridge in the area built in the camelback style. Engineered in a distinct way, the camelback truss is uncommon and this well-preserved example was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 9, 2000.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>Bridge designers and engineers of the early 20th century had seen the Pratt truss prove itself as a durable and economically feasible bridge. The Woolsey Bridge was designed as a camelback-through truss design. The camelback is a modification of the Pratt truss by Charles H. Parker which features a top chord that is not parallel to the bottom chord. Although stronger in the center than parallel bridges, the style is less common due to its complexity. The Woolsey Bridge was likely built by a county workforce in 1925, possibly consisting of area residents.</p><br>
<h2>Status</h2><br>
<p>The bridge was closed to traffic of all kinds in January, 2015. It is slated to be replaced in 2015 or 2016.</p><br>
<p>Trinity Episcopal Cathedral, formerly known as Grace Cathedral, is the historic cathedral in the Diocese of Iowa. The cathedral is located on the bluff overlooking Downtown Davenport, Iowa, United States. It is one of the oldest cathedrals in the Episcopal Church in the United States, and it was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. The cathedral is also a contributing property in the College Square Historic District, which is also listed on the National Register.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Development of the Episcopal Church in Davenport</h3><br>
<p>The Episcopal Church can trace its beginnings in Scott County to services held in 1837 by the Rt. Rev. Philander Chase, Bishop of Illinois. The services were held in the hotel at Rockingham, which is now the southwest section of Davenport. In 1841 the Rev. Zachariah Goldsmith of Virginia was appointed missionary to Davenport by the Domestic Committee of the Board of Missions of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States. On October 14, 1841, Trinity Church was organized in Davenport. The congregation originally worshiped in the home of Dr. John Emerson on Second Street. He had owned the slave Dred Scott, who lived with him in Davenport when it was still a part of the Wisconsin Territory. A small frame church was built on the corner of Fourth and Main Streets. In 1853 the congregation erected a stone building at the corner of Fifth and Rock Island (now Pershing) Streets. The building was built in the Gothic style and included a rose window. It is the first church in Iowa to have a pipe organ.</p><br>
<h3>Diocese of Iowa</h3><br>
<p>The Rt. Rev. Jackson Kemper, the missionary bishop of the Northwest, invited the clergy and representatives of the congregations of the state of Iowa to a meeting on August 17, 1853, at Trinity Church in Muscatine. In the absence of the bishop, the Rev. Alfred Louderbeck of Trinity Church in Davenport was elected the chairman. At this gathering the constitutions and canons for the new Diocese of Iowa were adopted, and plans were made for the election of a bishop. The General Convention of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America admitted the Diocese of Iowa to its membership on October 7–8, 1853.</p><br>
<p>On May 31, 1854, the first convention of the Diocese of Iowa began at Trinity Church in Davenport. During the convention the Rev. Henry Washington Lee, rector of St. Luke&#39;s Church in Rochester, New York, was elected bishop. He was consecrated on October 18, 1854, in his church in Rochester.</p><br>
<p>Through the generosity of people from the eastern United States, Bishop Lee purchased land as an investment for the new diocese. From the sale of this property a bishop&#39;s residence was built, and the diocese also had an endowment of $53,000. On June 29, 1859, the bishop purchased the former Iowa College property in Davenport for $36,000. The school had moved to Grinnell, Iowa and was renamed Grinnell College. Bishop Lee opened Griswold College on the site. The school was named for Bishop Alexander Viets Griswold of Massachusetts. The college closed in the late 19th century.</p><br>
<h3>Grace Cathedral</h3><br>
<p>When Bishop Lee arrived in Davenport he found that several people had left Trinity Church and wanted to create a new parish. He gave his permission and they formed St. Lukes Church. They initially worshiped in the former First Baptist Church on Brady Street between Third and Fourth Streets. The Rev. George W. Watson was named the rector. He was followed by the Rev. Horatio Powers. The congregation built a new church on the northwest corner of Brady and Seventh Streets, but because of financial difficulties they had to sell the property to First Presbyterian Church. The building eventually became the Academy of Sciences, a forerunner of the Putnam Museum. A chapel was constructed on the corner of Main and 12th Streets on the Griswold College property where the congregation worshiped until June 18, 1873, when it became the nucleus for the new Bishops Church.</p><br>
<p>Bishop&#39;s Churches, or cathedrals, were not commonplace in the Episcopal Church of the United States at the time. The Cathedral of Our Merciful Saviour in Faribault, Minnesota, which had been consecrated in 1869 by Bishop Kemper, was the first church built as a cathedral. The cathedral in Chicago was the only other cathedral that existed in the country at the time. It had not been built as a cathedral, however.</p><br>
<p>Bishop Lee began planning for the Bishop&#39;s Church after he received a gift of $30,000 from David J. Ely of Chicago in memory of his daughter, Sarah Ely Parsons, for the expressed purpose of building a cathedral. Edward Tuckerman Potter of New York City was chosen as the architect. He was the son of the Rt. Rev. Alonzo Potter who had been the Bishop of Pennsylvania, and one of his brothers, Henry C. Potter, was a priest and later bishop in New York. The cathedral was designed in the English Gothic style. The cornerstone for the new cathedral was laid on June 17, 1867 on the Griswold College property. The building was completed in 1873 according to 14 architectural drawings, but without the planned bell tower and spire.</p><br>
<p>The Diocesan Convention of 1872 recommended that the structure should be a Cathedral Church. It was named Grace Cathedral after Grace Church in New York because a significant amount of the money that was raised to build the cathedral came from this one parish. David J. Wolfe and his daughter Catherine Lorillard Wolfe from another New York parish were also major contributors. The church was built for $80,000, of which 10% of the money was contributed from people in Iowa. Bishop Lee contributed several thousand dollars of his own money to finish construction and furnish the church. The cathedral was consecrated on June 18, 1873 by Bishop Lee. He was joined by Bishops Robert Clarkson of Nebraska and Henry Benjamin Whipple of Minnesota, who preached the dedicatory sermon.</p><br>
<p>Grace Cathedral was initially a Bishops Church and not a parish church, although Bishop Lee had hoped that it would be so, possibly uniting with Trinity Church. The bishop was nominally in charge and he had an Assistant in Charge to oversee the day-to-day workings of the cathedral. The following clergy fulfilled that roll: Rev. Horatio N. Powers, 1865-1869; Rev. Hale Townsend, 1865-1872; Rev. R. D. Brooke, 1869-1873; Rev. Edward Lounsbery, 1870-1874; Rev. Joseph S. Jenckes, 1875-1877. The Rt. Rev. William Stevens Perry, Lees successor as Bishop of Iowa, implemented the cathedral organization on April 1, 1877. Bishop Perry appointed a Dean and Chapter based on the English model. The Chapter was made up of the following officials: Praecentor, Chancellor, Treasurer, Canons, Rural Deans, and Honorary Prebends. Not all of these offices were functional, not all of them were filled all the time, and the dean actually functioned like a parish vicar. The Very Rev. Dr. Willis H. Barris was appointed as the cathedral&#39;s first Dean, and the Rev. Joseph S. Jenches, Jr. was appointed the first canon. The Rev. Charles R. Hale replaced Dean Barris in 1886. Hale was elected Assistant-Bishop of Springfield, Illinois and he was succeeded by the Rev. Hamilton Schuyler in 1896.</p><br>
<p>The Rt. Rev. Theodore Nevin Morrison was consecrated as the third bishop of Iowa on February 22, 1899. The cathedral organization was allowed to lapse that same year and in September the congregation was organized as Grace Cathedral parish. The Rev. Nassau S. Stephens was called as rector and he took charge on October 1, 1899. He was replaced by the Rev. W. W. Love in 1905, and the Rev. Dr. Marmaduke Hare replaced him three years later. Hare was conferred with the honorary title of Dean by Bishop Morrison.</p><br>
<h3>Architecture</h3><br>
<p>The cathedral is constructed of native Iowa limestone, trimmed in Indiana limestone. It measures 135 by. It is a basilica-plan church with a rounded apse on its east side. There is a small vestry on the north side and a small vestibule on the west side. The structure is four bays long and its main façade is three bays wide. Each of the side bays is divided by buttresses that frame three attached lancet windows. They are also denoted on the steep pitched gabled roof by a single dormer. The roof itself is divided into two pitches with an uninterrupted band of clerestory widows, which are 1 ft high. The roofline is adorned by wrought iron Gothic ornamentation between two stone crosses. The main entrance is framed by compound lancet arches below a rose window.</p><br>
<p>The interior features wooden beams that form an intricate complex of transverse and rib vaulting. They resemble medieval roof timbering. Trimmed in vermillion, the beams are fastened together by gold star-shaped bolts. The main nave is divided from the side naves by wooden columns that are connected by wooden arches in the same style as the ceiling beams. The chancel and apse ceiling is painted in terra-cotta and features stenciling in gold leaf. The rest of the cathedral&#39;s décor is rather plain with white plastered walls above dark wood wainscoting. Nineteenth-century stained glass windows illuminate the interior of the church. The Stations of the Cross on the side walls are later additions.</p><br>
<h3>Episcopalian Institutions</h3><br>
<p>The Episcopal Church established other institutions in Davenport in the late 19th century that served the community into the 21st century, even though none of the institutions are supported by the church today. Bishop Perry announced plans for a girls school in 1883. The residence of Mrs. John L. Davies, which was named Cambria Place, was chosen as the location for the new school. On September 24, 1884, St. Katherine&#39;s Hall opened to both day and boarding students. In 1902 the Sisters of Mary took over the administration and teaching responsibilities at the school. In the years following the school expanded with the addition of a chapel and academic buildings. The Renwick mansion was added to the facility in 1907. In 1968 the school ended its boarding program and admitted boys. The name was changed to St. Katherine and St. Mark to reflect this change. In 1973, the school moved to the former home of Joseph Bettendorf in Bettendorf, Iowa, and in 1980 it amicably broke its ties with the Episcopal Church. In 2001, the school changed its name to Rivermont Collegiate.</p><br>
<p>In 1884 the trustees of Griswold College began planning a school for boys. They built a structure opposite the cathedral on Main Street and it opened in September 1886 as Kemper Hall, named for the missionary bishop. It closed for lack of funds in December 1895. The building was sold to the public school district and it remains on the Central High School campus.</p><br>
<p>In 1893 St. Lukes Hospital was founded at the corner of Eighth and Main streets in Davenport and moved to its Rusholme Street location in 1914. In 1993, one hundred years after its founding, a merger was announced between St. Lukes and Mercy Hospital in Davenport, and the consolidated hospital opened in 1994 as Genesis Health System.</p><br>
<h3>Trinity Cathedral</h3><br>
<p>Trinity Church moved to a new stone building on the southwest corner of Brady and Seventh Streets because its old church had been destroyed in a fire in 1874. The new building, like the old, was a stone structure in the Gothic Revival style. It was designed by Davenport architect Edward Hammatt, who designed Kemper Hall and another building on the Griswold College campus around the same time. It was built through the generosity of Clarissa Cook, an early benefactor to charitable organizations in Davenport and the Episcopal Church. She built the new church in memory of her husband, Ebenezer Cook, who had served on the vestry at Trinity for 30 years.</p><br>
<p>In the first decade of the 20th-century, it had become apparent that a merger between Grace Cathedral and Trinity Church was necessary. On Christmas Day 1909 both congregations worshiped in Trinity Church and on the following day, which was a Sunday, they worshiped together in the cathedral. In 1910 the corporation of Trinity Church was maintained and the cathedral was renamed.</p><br>
<p>In 1915 the present Deans House was constructed to the southwest of the cathedral. It replaced Lee Hall that was built on this site in 1865 as a home for Bishop Lee. It was used in later years as the Deans house. The house is a 2½ story structure that features side gables with end parapets and a two-story wing in the back. It is a frame and tile structure with stone facing on the exterior. While plain in appearance, its grey-tan exterior and vaguely Tudor Gothic style is in keeping with the color scheme and architectural theme of the rest of the Trinity complex. In contrast, the building that it replaced was an Italianate structure.</p><br>
<p>Christ Church, which had been established in 1864, had a small frame church building at the corner of Third and Pine Streets in the west end. It merged with Trinity Cathedral in 1928.</p><br>
<p>Several changes occurred in the second half of the twentieth century. The 1960s saw changes for the Trinity congregation with the establishment of two new churches in the Iowa Quad Cities. St. Albans Church was organized in 1960 in northwest Davenport, and in 1966 St. Peters Church was established in Bettendorf. In 1979 the Wolff & Associés pipe organ, opus 22, was installed in the gallery of the cathedral. In 1988 Trinity&#39;s Dean, the Very Rev. Edward Harding MacBurney, was elected the seventh Bishop of Quincy.</p><br>
<p>The status of Trinity Cathedral was changed in the 1990s. During the episcopate of the Rt. Rev. Elwood Lindsay Haines (1944–1949) the bishops residence and the diocesan headquarters were moved to Des Moines. In 1992, when the Rt. Rev C. Christopher Epting was the bishop, the diocese announced that St. Pauls Church in Des Moines would become the liturgical cathedral for the diocese. Trinity would be maintained as the diocese&#39;s historical cathedral. In 2010 Bishop Epting, now retired, became the interim Dean at Trinity.</p><br>
<p>The Clarissa C. Cook Parish House, which had been built in 1917, began to deteriorate and had to be replaced. A fund drive in the parish raised two million dollars, and the new structure was completed in 1993. The building, designed to complement the cathedral, contains a Great Hall, kitchen facilities, parish offices, classroom space, children&#39;s chapel and a larger octagon shaped chapel. It is connected to the cathedral by two cloister walks. In the middle is a garth, or outdoor garden. It was named the Haines Parish House after the largest donor, Elizabeth Haines.</p><br>
<p>Ms. Haines also desired to fulfill the original plans for the cathedral. In 1998 she donated all the funds necessary to complete the cathedrals bell tower and spire. The spire is half of the towers height, and together they rise 131 ft above the ground. One hundred and thirty-one years after the cornerstone was laid by Bishop Lee, the cathedral was completed.</p><br>
<h2>Pipe organ</h2><br>
<p>1979 Wolff & Associés Organ op. 22</p><br>
<p>2004 Wahl rebuilt Pedal division</p><br>
<p>Stoplist:</p><br>
<p>Pedale</p><br>
<p>16 Contrebasse (added)</p><br>
<p>16 Soubasse</p><br>
<p>8 Montre</p><br>
<p>4 Prestant</p><br>
<p>2 Flute*</p><br>
<p>III Fourniture</p><br>
<p>16 Bombarde</p><br>
<p>8 Trompette</p><br>
<p>4 Clarion</p><br>
<p>2 Cornet*</p><br>
<p>Grand Orgue</p><br>
<p>16 Bourdon</p><br>
<p>8 Montre</p><br>
<p>8 Flute a Cheminee</p><br>
<p>8 Viol di Gamba</p><br>
<p>4 Prestant</p><br>
<p>2 Doublette</p><br>
<p>2 2/3 Nazard*</p><br>
<p>III Cornet*</p><br>
<p>IV*/ III* Fourniture</p><br>
<p>III Cymbale</p><br>
<p>8 Trompette</p><br>
<p>4 Clarion</p><br>
<p>Positif</p><br>
<p>8 Montre</p><br>
<p>8 Flute a Cheminee</p><br>
<p>8 Quintaton</p><br>
<p>4 Prestant</p><br>
<p>4 Flute a Fuseau</p><br>
<p>2 2-3 Quinte*</p><br>
<p>II Sesquialtera*</p><br>
<p>2 Flute a Bec</p><br>
<p>2 Doublette*</p><br>
<p>IV Fourniture*</p><br>
<p>8 Cromorne</p><br>
<p>Echo</p><br>
<p>8 Bourdon</p><br>
<p>4 Prestant</p><br>
<p>2 Doublette</p><br>
<p>1 1/3 Larigot</p><br>
<p>II-III Cymbale</p><br>
<p>16 Servelas</p><br>
<p>8 Voix Humaine</p><br>
<p>(*) pairs indicate half hitch</p><br>
<p>Tremblant Forte (to the Manuals)</p><br>
<p>Five Couplers and Three Reversibles</p><br>
<p>The Chi Omega Greek Theatre is a structure on the University of Arkansas campus in Fayetteville, Arkansas. It was a gift to the university from Chi Omega, and it was completed in 1930. The structure was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>Mary Love Collins, national president for 42 years, and Dr. Charles Richardson, one of the founding members of the Chi Omega womens fraternity, had the dream of one day building a replica of the Theatre of Dionysus at the foot of the Acropolis in Greece at the University of Arkansas. The first chapter (Psi) of Chi Omega was established at the University in 1895, and the national organization gave back to the University in 1930 by completing Love and Richardsons dream. Young-Bryan Construction Company was contracted in 1930 for the job, at a cost of $31,225. University president John C. Futrall accepted the gift on June 28, 1930.</p><br>
<h2>Uses</h2><br>
<p>The University uses the Chi Omega Greek Theatre for concerts, commencements, convocations, plays, and pep rallies.</p><br>
<p>During World War II, a crowd of over 6,000 gathered to watch the Army Air Corps Band. This is believed to be the largest crowd in the theatre&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Lake Muhazi  is a long thin shallow lake in the east of Rwanda. The bulk of the lake lies in the Eastern Province, with the western end forming the border between the Northern and Kigali Provinces. It is a flooded valley lake, lying predominantly in an east to west direction, but with numerous offshoots in a north to south direction, formerly the location of tributaries. The lake has a concrete dam at the western end, constructed in 1999 to replace an earth dam which had existed since time immemorial. The lake empties into the Nyabugogo River, which flows southwards to Kigali where it meets the Nyabarongo River, part of the upper Nile.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Lake Muhazi is located in the eastern part of Rwanda, at coordinates 1&deg;52&prime;S latitude, 30&deg;22&prime;E longitude. It is accessible from three of Rwandas primary routes. The Kigali to Gatuna road passes close to the lakes western end, the Kigali to Kayonza road, which runs parallel to the lake to the south; finally, the Kayonza to Kagitumba road runs along the lakeshore for 3.8 km near Gahini, before passing over two of the ridges emanating from the lake and finally leaving the lake near Kawangire. and it is a research proposal of Mediatrice, Irene and Sandra</p><br>
<p>Lake Muhazi is 60 km long, in an east-west direction, but its width is less than 5 km. It is located in east-central Rwanda and has shoreline in three of the country&#39;s five provinces. The western third of the lake forms the border between Kigali Province (Gasabo District) to the south, and Northern Province (Gicumbi District) to the north. The eastern two-thirds or the lake is in the Eastern Province, forming the border between Rwamagana District to the south, and Gatsibo and Kayonza Districts to the north.</p><br>
<p>Various meteorological and limnological observations have taken place (Plisnier, 1990, Mukankomeje et al. 1993).</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>According to oral history the Kingdom of Rwanda was founded in the 14th century after disintegration of Kitara empire on the shores of Lake Muhazi in the Buganza area, close to the modern city of Rwamagana. At that time Rwanda was a small state in a loose confederation with larger and more powerful neighbours, Bugesera and Gisaka. By playing these neighbours against each other, the early kingdom flourished in the area, expanding westwards towards Lake Kivu. In this expanded kingdom, the region around the lake became a powerful religious site, being synonymous with the earliest and most revered mwamis of the kingdom. In the late 16th or early 17th centuries, the kingdom of Rwanda was invaded by the Banyoro and the kings forced to flee westward, leaving Buganza and the Lake Muhazi area in the hands of Bugesera and Gisaka.</p><br>
<p>The formation in the 17th century of a new Rwandan dynasty by mwami Ruganzu Ndori, followed by eastward invasions, the retaking of Buganza and the conquest of Bugesera, marked the beginning of the Rwandan kingdom&#39;s dominance in the area. Lake Muhazi became a border zone between Rwanda and the still independent Gisaka, a situation which remained in place for 200 years, despite several unsuccessful attempts by the Rwandan kings to subdue Gisaka. Eventually, in around 1830, Gisaka was annexed and the eastern borders of the state began to take their present form, with the lake fully under Rwandan control.</p><br>
<p>Under German and Belgian colonial rule Lake Muhazi became an important east–west transport route, linking Kigali and the west of the country with the north-south and eastbound roads from Gahini. From 1922, the eastern area was temporarily under British control as part of the surveying process for the proposed Cape-Cairo railway, a period during which the Church Missionary Society (CMS), started missionary and medical work across eastern Rwanda. This land was returned to Belgium in 1924 but the rulers allowed the CMS to continue its work, and a permanent mission and hospital was set up close to Lake Muhazi in Gahini village.</p><br>
<p>In common with the rest of the country, Lake Muhazi was the scene of many killings during the 1994 Rwandan Genocide. Large numbers of bodies were discarded in the lake by Interahamwe militias, while others drowned attempting to escape; witnesses described the water at the time as "mixed with blood."</p><br>
<h2>Geology and climate</h2><br>
<p>The rocks underlying Lake Muhazi vary along its length. The western end, which is flanked by high hills has a schist base, while the soil at the eastern end is granite based. This geology arose between 1400 Ma (million years ago) and 1000 Ma during the Mesoproterozoic, through folded and metamorphosed sediments, in what is known as the Kibaran orogeny.</p><br>
<p>Lake Muhazi, in common with the rest of Rwanda, has a temperate tropical highland climate, with lower temperatures than are typical for equatorial countries due to its high elevation. Temperature measurements in Kigali, which lies approximately 21 km south-west of the lake, show a typical daily temperature range between 12 &deg;C and 27 &deg;C, with little variation through the year. There are two rainy seasons in the year; the first runs from February to June and the second from September to December. These are separated by two dry seasons: the major one from June to September, during which there is often no rain at all, and a shorter and less severe one from December to February.</p><br>
<h2>Flora, fauna, limnology</h2><br>
<p>The lake is noted for its large population of spotted-necked otters (Hydrictis maculicollis) with an estimated 200 to 400 individuals in 1990, a density of around 20 individuals per 10 km of shoreline.</p><br>
<p>There are a number of bird species around the lake. These include African fish eagles (Haliaeetus vocifer), malachite kingfishers (Alcedo cristata), There is also a pair of semi-domesticated grey crowned cranes (Balearica regulorum) at the Jambo Beach resort in Gahini.</p><br>
<p>The population of Haplochromis (Gaurochromis) sp fishes at Lake Muhazi and its possible exploitation was studied and compared with another population of Haplochromis (Gaurochromis) sp at Lake Ihema (Rwanda).</p><br>
<p>Various fish species have been introduced to the lake over the years, including marbled lungfish (Protopterus aethiopicus) in 1989, and tilapia at various times including 2003 and 2009, in an attempt to reduce reliance on imports.</p><br>
<p>Historical changes in environmental conditions and various limnological observations of lake Muhazi have been studied.</p><br>
<p>The phytoplankton of the lake is predominantly Microcystis aeruginosa and Ceratium hirundinella.</p><br>
<h2>Economy and tourism</h2><br>
<p>The Muhazi lake shore at Gahini is popular with tourists and features two resorts: the Seeds of Peace centre, which offers accommodation, and Jambo Beach. There are also several resorts at Rwesero, on the north-eastern shore of the lake, including Rwesero Beach, offering camping accommodation and also popular with day-trippers from Kigali.</p><br>
<p>A new resort, the Lake Muhazi Golf & Country Resort and Boulevard, is planned for the southern shore of the lake, on the Gati Peninsular. The project was launched in 2006 at the Kigali Serena Hotel (formerly the Intercontinental Hotel), and was anticipated to be constructed in three phases. If completed as announced, the resort will occupy a site 250 acre acres in area and will feature 52 housing units, a golf course and a country resort. The contract for the first phase was awarded in June 2007, with a value of over US$26.6 million and estimated construction time of 18 months. As of 2010, however, there is no evidence that work has begun and the project appears to be on hold or cancelled.</p><br>
<p>Rwanda housing authority (RHA) has recently completed the land control study and the elaboration of the town planning development project of the shores of lake Muhazi. The main objective of the study was to identify the sectors of the northern and eastern shores of lake Muhazi which are subjected to land pressure so as to establish protection belts and safeguard them. Within this context the study furthermore aimed at establishing a town planning master plan to ensure better organisation of the site’s space and a rational and sustainable occupation of the shores of lake Muhazi.</p><br>
<p>The Ozark Courthouse Square Historic District is a national historic district located at Ozark, Christian County, Missouri. It encompasses 19 contributing buildings in a 5.3 acre area in the central business district of Ozark.</p><br>
<p>The central feature of the district, the Christian County Courthouse, is a three-story, Classical Revival style brick building designed by noted architect Henry H. Hohenschild. Other notable buildings include the Bank of Ozark/Masonic Lodge (1897), First Baptist Church (1919), Methodist Episcopal Church (1914), Robertson Brothers’ Store (1882), Ozark Drug (1905), Works Progress Administration Community Building (1934), Hospital (c. 1945), and Christian County Bank (c. 1886, 1910 façade).</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>Kildin  is a small Russian island in the Barents Sea, off the Russian shore and about 120 km from Norway. Administratively, Kildin belongs to the Murmansk Oblast of the Russian Federation.</p><br>
<p>Kildin Island is a plateau, up to 900 feet in elevation; it drops sharply to the sea on the north. Great granite masses rise from the sea and are carved into broad terraces. In the interior there is a relict lake, Lake Mogil&#39;noe (or Molginoye), which is separated from Kildin Strait by an isthmus through which seawater filters that replenishes the lake. The brackish lake holds a unique species of cod (Gadus morhua kildinensis) that has adapted to it.</p><br>
<p>The island is 15 km long by 5 km and 1 km wide at the widest part. Kildin Strait, which separates it from the mainland, is 15 km long and varies in width from 2 km to about 1 km. The water is deep so anchorage is only possible near the shore. The only safe anchorage is in Monastery Bay, at the South East end of the island. The bay gets its name from a fortified monastery that used to stand there but that the British destroyed in 1809 and of which no trace remains.</p><br>
<p>According to the Norwegian Organization for the Protection of the Environment, there is a deposit of expended reactors from Soviet nuclear submarines on the island.</p><br>
<h2>Lighthouses</h2><br>
<p>There are three lighthouses on the island.</p><br>
<p>Kildinskiy Zapadnny (West Kildinsky) is built near the southwest corner of the island and marks the western entrance to the strait between the island and the mainland.</p><br>
<p>Kildinskiy Severnny (North Kildinsky) is built on the north side of the island, about 25 km (15 mi) east of the entrance to Kola Bay.</p><br>
<p>Kildinskiy Vostochny (East Kildinsky) is on the southeastern side of the island, near the settlement of Vostochny Kildin.</p><br>
<h2>Notable incidents</h2><br>
<p>2003, 21 August: The Russian submarine K-159 sank off Kildin Island while she was being towed to a scrap yard. She sank about 3 nmi northwest of the island, near the entrance to Kola Bay. The sinking, which claimed the lives of nine of her ten crew, occurred during a gale.</p><br>
<p>1992, 11 February: In the submarine incident off Kildin Island, USS Baton Rouge, a Los Angeles class nuclear attack submarine, collided with the Russian Sierra-class submarine K-276 Kostroma some 4.7 miles from the line that connects Tsypnavolok Cape and Kildin Island. The US Navy stated that the collision occurred more than 12 miles from the shore, which is international waters. However, Russia uses a different set of rules for defining the boundary between territorial and international waters, and maintains that the collision took place within Russian territorial waters. Fortunately, the accident caused no injuries or deaths on either vessel.</p><br>
<p>1943, 24 July: The British merchant vessel SS Llandaff (4,825 grt) was part of a three-vessel convoy bringing timber from the White Sea to Kola Inlet on behalf of the Russians. The vessels were some 20 miles northeast of the island when a flight of four ME-109s attacked them, hitting Llandaff aft and starting a fire. HMS Britomart helped to get the fire under control. Llandaff eventually entered harbour; there were no casualties.</p><br>
<p>1943, 2 January: While part of Convoy JW51B from Loch Ewe for Murmansk with military cargo, the American freighter Ballot (6,131gt) ran aground on the island in fog and was a total loss. Her crew abandoned her on 13 January.</p><br>
<p>1941, 4 August: Three German destroyers overwhelmed and sank the Soviet patrol boat Tuman about 15 miles northwest of Kildin. The incident became famous, a capsule of seawater from this point was embedded in the giant statue Defenders of the Soviet Arctic during the Great Patriotic War, and to this day Russian naval vessels passing by this point (69&deg;33&prime;06&Prime;N latitude, 33&deg;40&prime;20&Prime;E longitude) dip their flags and sound a long blast on their horns in memory.</p><br>
<p>1917, 22 October: The German submarine U-46 fired a torpedo that sank the Zillah (3,788grt), which was en route from Archangel, Russia, to Lerwick, Shetland Islands, with a cargo of timber. Although the Zillah was defensively armed, the attack occurred without warning, 25 miles northeast of Kildin Island. The entire crew of 18 men lost their lives.</p><br>
<p>From late 1860s and until 1930, some Kola Norwegians emigrated to Kildin from Finnmark.</p><br>
<p>1809, 6 June: During the Anglo-Russian War (1807-1812), boats from HMS Nyaden attacked a fort on the island, capturing it and 22 or 23 vessels that were sheltering under its protection. The landing party took away some of the guns of the fort or threw them in the river.</p><br>
<p>1599, 19-26 May: The Danish King Christian IV visited Kildin on his first expedition as a King of Denmark-Norway. The expedition, which set off from Kronborg, Elsinore, on 19 April, is in detail described in the diaries of Sivert Grubbe.</p><br>
<p>1594, 23-29 June: The Dutch explorer, Willem Barentsz visited Kildin Island on his first voyage while on his way to Novaya Zemlya.</p><br>
<p>Diepkloof Rock Shelter is a rock shelter in Western Cape, South Africa in which has been found some of the earliest evidence of the human use of symbols, in the form of patterns engraved upon ostrich eggshell water containers. These date around 60,000 years ago.</p><br>
<p>The symbolic patterns consist of lines crossed at right angles or oblique angles by hatching. It has been suggested that "by the repetition of this motif, early humans were trying to communicate something. Perhaps they were trying to express the identity of the individual or the group."</p><br>
<h2>Site description</h2><br>
<p>The cave is about 17 km from the shoreline of the Atlantic in a semi-arid area, near Elands Bay about 150 km north of Cape Town. It occurs in quartzitic sandstone in a butte that overlooks in an east direction 100 m above the Verlorenvlei River. It contains one of "most complete and continuous later Middle Stone Age sequences in southern Africa" stretching from before 130,000 BP to about 45,000 BP and encompassing pre-Stillbay, Stillbay, Howiesons Poort, and post-Howiesons Poort periods. It is about 25 m wide and 15 m deep. Research is based upon finds discovered in a trench excavated within it that is 16 m across and 3.6 m in depth. The deposits consist of burnt and nonburnt organic residues and ash that came from hearths, ash dumps and burnt bedding.</p><br>
<p>It was first excavated in 1973 by John Parkington and Cedric Poggenpoel. Since 1999 it has been researched in a collaboration between the Department of Archaeology at the University of Cape Town and the Institute of Prehistory and Quaternary Geology at the University of Bordeaux.</p><br>
<p>At Diepkloof Rock Shelter (DRS), from 70-74 ka bifaces and bifacial points are present while less complex forms such as backed artifacts occur from 70 ka through 60 ka and are subsequently replaced with unifacial points. Quartz and quartzite predominate the earliest unit with few occurrences of silcrete. During 70-74 ka unit, silcrete has replaced quartz while quartzite is still fairly dominant. From 65-70 ka quartz becomes dominant again with quartzite also being present.</p><br>
<h2>Engraved ostrich eggshell containers</h2><br>
<p>270 fragments of ostrich eggshell containers have been found covered with engraved geometric patterns. The fragments have a maximum size of 20–30 mm, though a number have been fitted into larger 80 × 40 mm fragments. It is estimated that fragments from 25 containers have been found. Eggshell fragments have been found throughout the period of occupation of the cave but those with engraving are found only in several layers within the Howiesons Poort period. These occur across 18 stratigraphic units, particularly those with the stratigraphic names Frank and Darryl. This suggests the tradition of engraving lasted for several thousand years.</p><br>
<p>The engraving consists of abstract linear repetitive patterns, including a hatched band motif. One fragment has two parallel lines that might have been circular around the container.</p><br>
<p>It has been suggested that they form "a system of symbolic representation in which collective identities and individual expressions are clearly communicated, suggesting social, cultural, and cognitive underpinnings that overlap with those of modern people." Moreover, they show "the development of a graphic tradition and the complex use of symbols to mediate social interactions. The large number of marked pieces shows that there were rules for composing designs but having room within the rules to allow for individual and/or group preferences."</p><br>
<p>Earlier finds exist of symbolism, such as the 75,000-year-old engraved ochre chunks found in the Blombos cave, but these are isolated and difficult to tell apart from meaningless doodles.</p><br>
<p>The engravings are found on ostrich eggshells that were used as water containers. Ostrich eggshells have an average volume of 1 litre. They may have had drinking spouts, holes to enable them to be strung as a canteen for easier carrying, and seem to have been part of "daily hunter-gatherer life". They involved skill to make, with one of the researchers involved noting "Ostrich egg shells are quite hard. Doing such engravings is not so easy."</p><br>
<h2>Local flora</h2><br>
<p>The preservation of organic matter such as wood, grass, seeds and fruits at the site has been described as "exceptional". Pollen remains allow the identification of the local animals and plants. The Howiesons Poort period shows evidence for thicket or shrubland vegetation now usually found in gorges, such as Diospyros, Cassine peragua, Maytenus, Rhus, and Hartogiella schinoides. Afromontane trees found in the area, include Ficus, Kiggelaria africana, Podocarpus elongatus, and Celtis africana. This suggests a more diversely wooded riverine environment than now present in the area.</p><br>
<h2>Animal remains</h2><br>
<p>Animal remains include those of mammals, tortoises and intertidal marine shells. Most bones found in the cave come from rock hyrax, hares, cape dune mole-rats, steenbok and grysbok. Animals from rocky environments are also found including klipspringer, and vaalribbok. There is also evidence of local grasslands, with remains of zebras, wildebeest and hartebeest. Hippopotamus and southern reedbuck came from the local river. The sea coast seems to have moved up the river, as there are fragments from black mussels, granite limpets, and Cape fur seals. Though there are ostrich-shell remains, no ostrich bones have been found.</p><br>
<p>Tortoise bones are mostly those of the angulate tortoise that is still found in the area. These are noted to have been "remarkably large compared with their Late Stone Age counterparts, suggesting different intensities of predation between MSA and Late Stone Age populations".</p><br>
<h2>Provincial Heritage Site</h2><br>
<p>Diepkloof Rock Shelter was declared a provincial heritage site by Heritage Western Cape on the 23 September 2014 in terms of Section 27 of the National Heritage Resources Act. This gives the site Grade II status and provides it with protection under South African heritage law.</p><br>
<p>In 2015, the South African government submitted a proposal to add the caves to the list of World Heritage Sites and it has been placed on the UNESCO list of tentative sites as a potential future serial nomination together with Blombos Cave, Pinnacle Point, Klasies River Caves, Sibudu Cave and Border Cave.</p><br>
<p>William Merritt Chase Homestead is a historic home located at Shinnecock Hills in Suffolk County, New York.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was built as a residence and studio for artist William Merritt Chase (1849–1916) in 1892 by the prominent architectural firm of McKim, Mead, and White. It is a -story frame structure sheathed in wood shingles that have weathered to a muted, sun-bleached brown. Four gable dormers and three eyebrow windows (added in 1917) project from the gambrel roof. A rear laundry room, porch, and bathroom were added in 1920. Also on the property is a 1-story wood-frame barn.</p><br>
<p>The house was the subject of one of Chase&#39;s own paintings in 1893. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Charles G. Curtiss Sr. House is a private home located at 168 S. Union St. in Plymouth, Michigan in the United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993 and designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1994.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This house was built in approximately 1890 by Charles G. Curtiss Sr., a builder from Plymouth. Curtiss died only a few years later in 1893, and his wife Caroline continued to live in the house until 1901.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Charles G. Curtiss Sr. House is a two-story wood-framed house sitting on a fieldstone foundation. It is built in a cross-gabled ell shape, with a three-story square tower within the ell. A shed-roof verandah is attached to the front of the house and a single-story hipped-roof addition is located in the rear. The exterior of the house is sheathed in clapboard, patterned shingling, and, beneath the verandah, wood panels.</p><br>
<p>The house is distinctive because of its decorative elements, including the shingling, turned posts on the verandah, and stickwork under the gables. The form of the house (a gabled ell with tower) had been popular regionally and nationally since the 1850s, but by the time this house was built c. 1890 was much out of fashion.</p><br>
<p>The Harlan Log House, also known as "The Log House," was built about 1715 by Joshua Harlan, is a well-preserved example of an English-style log cabin near Kennett Square, in Kennett Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is about a half mile west of the hamlet of Fairville. Joshua Harlan was the son of George Harlan, who arrived in Pennsylvania in 1687. Joshua was born in 1696 and was the cousin of the George Harlan, who built the Harlan House, about 12 miles north about 1724. Both houses are listed in the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The core of the house was built about 1715 as a two-story square (26 feet by 26 feet) cabin. Although English settlers modelled their log cabins on the examples of Swedish settlers, the English versions were square rather than rectangular. An 1815 stone addition measures 19 feet by 15 feet, with a modern addition attached to the stone addition.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>The Gahagan Mounds Site  is an Early Caddoan Mississippian culture archaeological site in Red River Parish, Louisiana. It is located in the Red River Valley. The site is famous for the three shaft burials and exotic grave goods excavated there in the early twentieth century.</p><br>
<h2>Site description</h2><br>
<p>The Gahagan Site is located on the western side of the Red River, about half way in between Natchitoches and Shreveport. It was once located on an relict river channel, but much of the site has been destroyed by the meandering of the river. The site was occupied between 900 and 1200 CE. It consisted of a platform mound, a cone shaped burial mound, and a habitation area surrounding a centrally located plaza, with another small mound located about a quarter mile away.</p><br>
<h2>Excavations</h2><br>
<p>The burial mound at the site has been excavated twice, in 1912 by Clarence Bloomfield Moore and then in 1939 by Clarence H. Webb. Between the 2 excavations, three burial shafts with a total of fourteen burials and more than five hundred grave goods were discovered. The first shaft, found by Moore, was 11 ft in depth and 13 ft by 8 ft in width and height. The other two, found in the 1939 excavations, were 19 ft by 15 ft and 12 ft by 11 ft in dimensions.</p><br>
<p>The grave goods found during the excavations included intricately flaked flint knives, known since as Gahagan blades, a matched pair of Long-nosed god maskette earrings made of sheet copper, Missouri flint clay statues and pipes, copper ear ornaments, embossed copper plates, greenstone celts and spuds, and caches of beads and arrow heads. Many of the grave goods were exotic imports from such distant places as the Gulf Coast, the Central Texas plateau, Tennessee, Kentucky, and the Great Lakes, and may be indicative of involvement in continent wide trade and religious networks such as the Southeastern Ceremonial Complex. Many of the disinterred remains and grave goods were donated to Louisiana State University Museum of Natural Science by the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology at Harvard University, and few more later by Dr. Webb.</p><br>
<h3>Gahagan blades</h3><br>
<p>The burial offerings at Gahagan contained particularly beautifully flaked stone knives which has since become known as Gahagan blades. The knives have been found at other Caddoan sites, including the Caddoan Mounds State Historic Site, but are thought to originate to the west of the Caddo territory in central Texas. They were made from chert from this area and archaeologists believe they were produced as a trade export by groups there.</p><br>
<p>The Bovill Opera House in Bovill, Latah County, Idaho is an opera house believed to have been built in the first decade of the 20th century. It is currently listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>According to the National Park Service:</p><br>
<p>Believed to have been built in the first decade of the 20th century, the Bovill Opera House served for five decades as the entertainment and social center for the town of Bovill and its surrounding communities. Although used primarily as a “moving picture hall,” the Bovill Opera House hosted dances, performances, as well as public hearings and gatherings. In the 1930s the upstairs was transformed into a miniature golf course and later used as a roller skating-rink. While there is a metal sign reading “Bovill Historical Museum” it was apparently never used as a museum on a consistent basis.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places on January 27, 2010.</p><br>
<p>The Old New York Evening Post Building is the former office and printing plant of the New York Evening Post newspaper located at 20 Vesey Street between Church Street and Broadway in the Financial District of Manhattan, New York City. It was built in 1906-07 and was designed by architect Robert D. Kohn for Oswald Garrison Villard, who owned the Post at the time, and is considered to be "one of the few outstanding Art nouveau buildings" ever constructed in the United States.</p><br>
<p>The fourteen-story, stone-veneer building is "reminiscent of the buildings that line the boulevards of Paris", and was not copied from an existing building. It features three tall bays of cast-iron framed bow windows, separated by pale limestone piers. There is an elaborate copper-covered mansard roof, two stories high and four elaborate sculpted figures.</p><br>
<p>The building, which was later called the Garrison Building, was designated a New York City landmark in 1965, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. The New York Landmarks Preservation Commission was headquartered in the building from 1980 to 1987.</p><br>
<p>The Venediger Group  is a mountain range of the Central Eastern Alps. Together with the Granatspitze Group, the Glockner Group, the Goldberg Group, and the Ankogel Group, it forms the main ridge of the High Tauern. The highest peak is the Großvenediger at, which gives its name to the group. Considerable parts of the Venediger Group belong to the core zone of the High Tauern National Park.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Venediger Group is located in Austria in the federal states of Salzburg and Tyrol, and also in Italy in the autonomous province of South Tyrol. The greater part of the range lies in East Tyrol.</p><br>
<p>The Venediger Group includes the western part of the main chain of the High Tauern range. The Felber Tauern pass road runs across the Alpine crest between Salzburg and East Tyrol on the eastern side of the range. The Venediger Group is the most glaciated mountain range in the High Tauern. The renown of the main summit in the group, the Großvenediger, rather overshadows the other regions and mountains, though the group has a great number of peaks, mountain paths and Alpine huts.</p><br>
<p>The origin of its name is unclear. According to a legend, when local shepherds saw the giant mass of the Venediger glacier for the first time they thought they were looking at the glistening surface of the sea with a town (“Venice”). Nevertheless, the name may go back to medieval Welsh (Venetian) prospectors searching for Cobalt and Manganese ores in the area.</p><br>
<h2>Neighbouring ranges</h2><br>
<p>The Venediger Group borders on the following other ranges in the Alps:</p><br>
<p>Kitzbühel Alps (to the north)</p><br>
<p>Granatspitze Group (to the east)</p><br>
<p>Villgraten Mountains (to the south)</p><br>
<p>Rieserferner Group (to the southwest)</p><br>
<p>Zillertal Alps (to the west)</p><br>
<h2>Boundaries</h2><br>
<p>To the north the Oberpinzgau valley of the Salzach river forms the boundary from Krimml downstream to the town of Mittersill. To the east the boundary runs from Mittersill southwards up the Felberbach stream, over the Felber Tauern pass and continues down the Tauernbach to Matrei in Osttirol. From there it continues southwards along the Isel river to the village of Huben (part of the Matrei municipality). To the south the Defereggen Valley delineates the boundary from Huben along the Schwarzach heading upstream as far as the Jagdhaus alp and the Klammljoch pass. From the Klammljoch it runs downhill along the Klammlbach and through the South Tyrolean Rein valley to Sand in Taufers. In the west its perimeter runs along the Tauferer Ahrntal valley from Sand in Taufers up to Birnlücke Pass and down the Krimmler Ache to Krimml in the Salzach valley.</p><br>
<p>The Birnlücke links the Venediger Group with the Zillertal Alps. The Klammljoch is its junction with the Rieserferner Group. The Felber Tauern join the Venediger Group to the Granatspitze Group.</p><br>
<p>Whilst clearly defined side ridges regularly branch off northwards from the main chain of the Venediger Group, towards the south the mountain tend to sprawl over a larger area forming their own subgroups: the Durreck Group, the Panargenkamm and the Lasörling Group. Located between the heavily glaciated main crest and the Lasörling Group west of Matrei, the Virgen valley the only permanently settled valley within the Venediger Group.</p><br>
<h2>Peaks</h2><br>
<p>All the named three-thousanders in The Venediger Group:</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>The Venediger Group is well developed for tourism. In addition to a myriad managed Alpine pastures and restaurants there is also a large number of Alpine Club huts:</p><br>
<p>The Roswell Butler House is a historic house on Upper Main Street in Essex, Vermont. Built about 1822 with later alterations, it is a good local example of Federal period architecture. It was built for Roswell Butler, a prominent local businessman from whom the surrounding Butler&#39;s Corner neighborhood takes its name. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001. It is also known as the 1820 Coffee House and the Kilmoyer House on the Essex Vermont town list of historic sites.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Roswell Butler House stands facing Upper Main Street (Vermont Route 15), roughly midway between the town&#39;s current downtown and its historic town center. It is on the south side of the road, a short way west of its junction with Commonwealth Avenue. It is a 2-1/2 story brick building, with a gabled roof, interior end chimneys, and a stone foundation. It is five bays wide, with a late 19th-century porch extending across three bays and around to the left side. Windows have splayed stone lintels, and the roof cornice is modillioned. The main entrance is at the center of the front facade, topped by a semicircular fanlight. The porch has Queen Anne style turned posts, decorative brackets, and latticework skirting. The interior retains many original period features, including woodwork and plaster walls.</p><br>
<p>The Butler&#39;s Corner area was purchased in 1822 by Roswell Butler, who soon thereafter built this house and a store. His brother also built a house here, giving the area its name. It was until 1830 a center of civic activity, until it was supplanted by Essex Center, where the town hall, school, and churches were built. Butler was involved in a variety of businesses, lumber being the primary good, which was shipped to communities on the Hudson River via the Champlain Canal. He also established a hemp mill at Essex Junction, which was destroyed by a spring freshet in 1830.</p><br>
<p>Paracas Bay, with its southern end lying within the Paracas National Reservation is well known for its abundant wildlife. The unique ecosystem, insulated from thrashing ocean waves and current by Paracas Peninsula, and its shallow warmer waters, stimulates a remarkable growth of seaweed for which much of the wildlife, particularly the birds of Paracas, thrive upon directly or indirectly.</p><br>
<p>The bay appears as the gateway to Paracas National Reserve, its warmer shallow waters foster wildlife and many nautical sports, and its calm shoreline protects the municipality of Paracas and the various cottages and hotels that have sprung up in the last few years. As of recent years, the bay has hosted many sailors on catamarans and kitesurfers seeking the flat water and strong wind found in the bay.</p><br>
<p>Hotel Paracas was established in 1944 and is now a notable resort for the Peruvian elite.</p><br>
<p>Shell Bay is a small bay in Dorset, England on the Studland peninsula. It is on the south side of the mouth of Poole Harbour and connected with Sandbanks by the Sandbanks Ferry which runs regularly across the entrance to the harbour and carries vehicles, foot passengers and cyclists. Bus number 50  also stops at Shell Bay. The beach is an unspoilt sandy beach, backed by dunes and heathland. A couple of streams flow over the beach from the heathland inland of the beach. The beach offers wonderful views over the bay to nearby Bournemouth and is also a good view point for watching the ships passing in and out of Poole Harbour, including the Condor Ferries to the Channel Islands. A barbecue area is provided at the western end of the beach . Toilets are available at the car park which is connected to the beach via a boardwalk.</p><br>
<p>The Cornelius Hotel is a former hotel building in downtown Portland, Oregon, United States that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was designed by John V. Bennes&#39;s firm, and constructed in 1907–08.</p><br>
<p>The seven-story building is categorized as being 20th-century Baroque Revival architecture, and contains 66 hotel rooms. Until 1920, it was founded by Dr.Charles W. Cornelius (1856–1923), who named the hotel for his family and his brother, Colonel Thomas R. Cornelius. He was a businessman and doctor and Multnomah County&#39;s first coroner. Their father founded the town of Cornelius west of Portland after emigrating to Oregon on the Oregon Trail with Joseph Meek.</p><br>
<p>The building has a "dramatic coffered ceiling in the lobby" and a French sheet metal mansard roof with cornice and entablature, and exterior masonry and terra-cotta. It included a ground-floor wood storefront that was once a "Ladies Reception Hall" and an "opulent" basement cafe. "Ornate wood paneling and trim" was included throughout the building.</p><br>
<p>By at least the 1950s, the hotel had transitioned from being a conventional hotel to an apartment hotel. The Cornelius housed the Club Continental, a gay bathhouse, in the 1960s and 1970s,</p><br>
<p>By at least 1992, the buildings residential use had ceased completely, and it became vacant on all but the ground floor. In 2002, TMT Development, developer Tom Moyers real estate company, purchased the property for $2.4 million with plans to renovate the building. The renovated business-class hotel was to be reopened by June 2009 with the name "Alder Park Hotel", following a period where it was home to trespassers for many years after the 1980s. The 2008 financial crisis, however, halted work on the project, as well as Moyer&#39;s Park Avenue West Tower.</p><br>
<p>In 2013, TMT applied to the city to tear down the structure,</p><br>
<p>In January 2015, it was announced that the building is to be joined to the adjacent Woodlark Building, renovated and returned to use as a hotel. The Woodlark Building, which will be converted from its current use as an office building, is also listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The planned renovation and conversion is expected to cost $30 million, funded by NBP Capital, Provenance Hotels and Arthur Mutal. and two restaurants or bars.</p><br>
<p>Mount Saint Peter Church is a Roman Catholic Church at 100 Freeport Road in New Kensington, Pennsylvania. The church is located along the Allegheny River and is approximately 25 mi north-east of the city of Pittsburgh within the Diocese of Greensburg.</p><br>
<p>The congregation was founded by Italian immigrants in the early 1900s and the current building was constructed by hand by parish members during World War II using materials from the then recently dismantled Richard B. Mellon 60-room mansion in Pittsburgh. The church was dedicated on July 4, 1944. In 1998, the building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>As of 2009, the congregation had approximately 5,000 members. The church is regionally known for its annual Festa Italiana, at which there is homemade Italian food, dancing, games for children, and gambling for adults. This festival is organized by volunteers from the church and takes place on the church grounds during the first weekend in August. The mission statement of the church emphasizes the congregation&#39;s Italian heritage.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The history of the Mount St. Peter parish is woven with the history of Alcoa and the emergence of New Kensington as an industrial city in the early twentieth century. In 1890, the Burrell Improvement Company considered the advantages of the level land south of its home in Lower Burrell. They named the area New Kensington, surveyed it, and laid out avenues, running parallel to the Allegheny River, and numbered streets running perpendicular to the river. Fourth and Fifth streets were the primary commercial streets. Once the land was surveyed and plotted, the company opened the land to bidding. The first large company to purchase land, the Pittsburgh Reduction Company, acquired a 3.5 acre property by the riverfront. Other companies also acquired sites for commercial and industrial development: Adams Drilling, Goldsmith and Lowerburg, New Kensington Milling, New Kensington Brewing, Logan Lumber, and Keystone Dairy, to name a few.</p><br>
<p>The presence of Pittsburgh Reduction Company (later Alcoa) provided a boon for development. On Thanksgiving Day 1888, with the help of Alfred E. Hunt, Charles Martin Hall developed an experimental smelting plant on Smallman Street in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In 1891, the company established its production facility in New Kensington.File:NewKensington-PA-1896.jpgthumb</p><br>
<p>By 1910, the city was also the home of a car manufacturing company, the New Kensington Automobile Company. In addition, the Pittsburg Motor Car Company had established a production plant for its Pittsburg Six model in New Kensington. By 1904, the American Tin Plate Company (capital stock owned by the United States Steel Corporation) had established the six facilities of the Pittsburgh Mills and six of the Pennsylvania Mills in New Kensington.</p><br>
<h3>Diocese of Greensburg</h3><br>
<p>The Diocese of Greensburg, to which Mount Saint Peter now belongs, was established on March 10, 1951, by Pope Pius XII. Records show that the first Mass in the area was celebrated in the Allegheny Mountains in 1749 by a French priest serving as chaplain to French troops. Demetrius Augustine Gallitzin, the second priest ordained in territories that became the United States, arrived in Loretto, Pennsylvania in 1799. Father Boniface Wimmer came to Latrobe from Germany and established the first Benedictine presence in the region of Saint Vincent in 1846.</p><br>
<p>Prior to the United States&#39; Civil War, Catholicism grew slowly in America, but afterward, it became more widespread as Catholic immigrants from eastern Europe moved to the four counties, which include Armstrong, Fayette, Indiana, and Westmoreland, to mine coal and produce coke to fire steel mills in Pittsburgh. This influx of Catholic immigrants resulted in the creation of more than 80 parishes and missions in the counties between 1865 and 1917.</p><br>
<h3>Founding and early days of St. Peter parish</h3><br>
<p>By 1900, the burgeoning industrial town had 4,600 residents and two years later Reverend Bonaventure Piscopo, a member of the Apostolic Band for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Pittsburgh, formed a new congregation in New Kensington to serve the immigrant work force, many of whom were Italian Catholics. The church was named after Saint Peter, the first pope. The parishioners of this new congregation were Italians living in and around New Kensington, Arnold, and Parnassus, which later became a part of the city of New Kensington. These immigrants needed a place to worship and in 1903, the St. Peter congregation began holding Mass with a resident pastor, Reverend Vincenzo Maselli in a small building on the corner of Second Avenue and Tenth Street (known as the downtown area) in New Kensington.</p><br>
<p>Soon after, on September 28, 1903, the congregation relocated to the basement of St. Mary&#39;s Polish Church, which was also located in New Kensington. Here, the first parish register was created. The first recorded event in the new parish was a marriage on December 27, 1903. Soon after, the Burrell Improvement Company donated land on the corner of Ridge Avenue and Constitution Boulevard. On July 4, 1905, the cornerstone of St. Peter Church was laid and on September 25, 1905, Bishop Regis Canevin dedicated the new church.</p><br>
<p>In 1908, the number of attendees at St. Peter Church began to dwindle. Many of the priests who had served the congregation had been reassigned a few years earlier. In 1908, a popular priest, Father Sacchi, was sent to Mother of Sorrows Church in McKees Rocks, Pennsylvania. Parishioners formed a committee to go speak to the Bishop on Father Sacchi&#39;s behalf. Although Father Sacchi was not allowed to return to St. Peter, Reverend James Vocca, who had also been at St. Peter prior to his reassignment, was brought back to the church.</p><br>
<p>At this time, the priests who were part of St. Peter were doing the best they could to keep the faith alive in their congregation. The priests were smart men who had attended school in Italy prior to their immigration, but most were unable to speak fluent English. At a time when immigrants were desperately trying to fit into the American life and be as American as possible, going to a church where the congregation was Italian was not the most desirable choice. Therefore, many Catholic Italians began going to churches and many others changed their religion altogether. Many of these Italians were becoming Protestant. The priests were poorly paid and most lived on about twenty-five cents per day. They had no permanent housing: many slept in the church itself, and preferred the altar floor because it was the only place in the church that had carpeting. It was also common for the priests to say Mass several churches on the same day. These circuits trips were sometimes as much as twenty-five miles away.</p><br>
<h3>Italian anarchist movement</h3><br>
<p>Around 1918, the leaders of the Italian Communists and Anarchists in the United States settled themselves in New Kensington. The group was guided by the ideas of Carlo Tresca, a union organizer for Industrial Workers of the World, which were recorded first, in his newspaper La Plebe, or The Worker, and later in his anti-fascist paper, Il Martello (which translates to "the hammer"). The Italian Communists and Anarchists harassed members of the Catholic Church. Italians who did go the church were made to feel inferior and many became too intimidated to go to church at all. At St. Peter&#39;s, one priest was shot through a window while he was sitting at his desk. Another priest was threatened that if he did not leave New Kensington he would be killed. In 1918, there were only thirteen families who attended Mass at St. Peter on Sunday. This continued for several years until Carlo Tresca moved from New Kensington to New York City in 1925.</p><br>
<p>By 1929, St. Peter was crowded for all three Masses on Sunday morning. There were so many people that the balcony, the sanctuary, and both sacristies were opened seating. Eventually the priests opened the doors of the church and hundreds of people stood outside on the steps to hear the Mass. Despite all of these accommodations, there were still many people who were turned away because there was not enough space to accommodate them. There were about a thousand families who belonged to St. Peter parish, but the church itself only had about two hundred seats in the pews. In 1933, Bishop Hugh Boyle suggested the construction of a larger church and the congregation decided to construct a larger building.</p><br>
<p>The new church building was constructed by the parishioners, who broke ground in May 1941 and three years later dedicated the new building.</p><br>
<h3>World War II affects the congregation</h3><br>
<p>By May 1944, the parishioners had contributed to the war having given thousands of pints of blood to the Blood Banks; given money to the war relief campaigns; been active on the home front, and sent 808 men and women to the Armed Forces. There was a group that prepared and sent out a weekly special bulletin to the parishioners in the Armed Forces. These parishioners were happy to receive news from home on the progress of their new church and many of them sent home money to go towards the building fund. During the war, hundreds of dollars came in from these parishioners fighting in the war. Of the 808 parishioners who went off to war, seven died and their names were engraved on a piece of granite outside of the church: James DiMuzio, Arthur Capo, Nick Costelli, Justine DeFelices, Neal Chipoletti, and Anthony Zaffuto.</p><br>
<h2>Relocating and building a church by hand</h2><br>
<p>The current location was found to be too small and the congregation was in need of a larger building. Parishioners from Arnold wanted the new church to be built in their town, arguing that most of the congregation lived there. Those from Parnassus wanted the church closer to them because there were a lot of Catholics but no Catholic church in Parnassus. The parishioners from New Kensington argued that St. Peter should remain close to its current location and one was found on the corner of Freeport Road and Seventh Street. This location was approximately 100 yd from the previous St. Peter Church and was located on the top of a hill. The land was 4 acres and had a large mansion and a few small buildings on the property.</p><br>
<p>The land had once belonged to Stephen M. Young, who had been a General in the United States Army during the American Civil War and was a friend of Abraham Lincoln. Young sold the property to Frank M. Curtis for $7,000 in 1902. It was sold to David A. Leslie for $17,000 in 1914. After Mr. Leslie&#39;s death in August 1938, attorneys spoke to Mrs. Leslie about selling the property and she agreed to sell for $20,000 cash. On December 1, 1938, the congregation made a down payment of $500 cash and few days later, the Building Fund Campaign opened for the new church with a committee of one-hundred volunteers. Each parishioner who was employed full-time should sign a pledge to give $60 over a period of five years towards the building of the church. The committee was split up into groups, and the volunteers went door to door almost every day for five years until enough money was collected.</p><br>
<p>On April 1, 1939, St. Peter&#39;s congregation took possession of the land and mansion. That day, it was decided the new church would be called "Mount St. Peter." By May 1, instead of having $20,000 as anticipated, the building campaign had generated $23,500 in cash and another $75,200 in pledges.</p><br>
<h3>Acquiring materials from the Mellon Mansion</h3><br>
<p>Architect Enos Cooke of New Kensington developed the plan for the church building. In 1940, a friend of the church, John Stanish, informed Mt. St. Peters congregation that the Mellon mansion, 6500 Fifth Avenue, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, was to be demolished. Stanish had worked for the three Mellon brothers until the last of them died in 1938. The Mellon family had spent years entertaining important people, including royalty, celebrities, well known financiers, and statesmen in the Mellon Mansion. It was built using Michigan sandstone and was four stories high on one side and three stories high on the other. The mansion had sixty-five rooms, plus halls and vestibules. There were 11 bathrooms, one of which had cost over $10,000 to complete because the walls and floor were covered in Italian marble and the fixtures were plated in gold. At one time, a hundred servants had maintained the house and surrounding grounds. The mansion had been completed in 1909 and had cost Mr. Mellon approximately three million dollars. The inside was filled with marble from all over the world, including China, Japan, and India. There were bronze doors cast in England, hand painted ceilings, and steel beams manufactured by the Carnegie Steel Company. In addition, one of the most expensive organs in the world was housed in this building. The items which the mansion contained were being sold for less than their actual values. For example, a half a million dollars worth of furniture had been sold for $3,800. The building contained many items that could easily be used in a church. There were mantles that could become altars and pieces of architecture, such as angel statues, that could be placed in Mount St. Peter Church. In 1940, St. Peters congregation bought all of the stone, granite, marble, bronze doors, and railings from the mansion. In addition, the congregation purchased thirty tons of steel beams, sixty-five oak doors, chandeliers, and some other items, and the members transported all of the marble 27 mi from Pittsburgh to New Kensington. The location of the mansion is now home to Mellon Park.</p><br>
<p>Many men of the congregation volunteered to transport the materials to New Kensington. The congregation found a contractor, Mr. Charles Camarata, to direct the free labor. Camarata had built hundreds of miles of road in the state of Pennsylvania and around the country. In addition, he had constructed homes, civic buildings, and churches. As soon as he agreed to take the job in December 1940, he split the volunteers into three groups. Camarata personally supervised the first group, which removed the marble from Mellon Mansion. The second group transported the marble to New Kensington and the third placed the materials on the grounds of Mt. St. Peter. This project started on December 13, 1940, and continued until May 26, 1941. The process was difficult and time consuming, made more difficult by the harsh winter of 1940–1941.</p><br>
<h3>Building Mt. St. Peter Church</h3><br>
<p>On Sunday, May 25, 1941, ground was broken for Mount St. Peter Church. The event was celebrated by the priests of St. Peters congregation and about two thousand people showed up to watch. The cornerstone was blessed on Sunday, September 7, 1941, by Reverend Alfred Koch, who was the Arch Abbot of St. Vincent in Latrobe, Pennsylvania. Many other priests from the area were also present. Father Paul Tomlinson of St. Peters Church in Pittsburgh delivered the sermon in English and Archabbot Koch closed the ceremony with the Pontifical Benediction in Italian. The large red cornerstone was made of granite and was fitted with an iron box. The box contained the memorial reports of the congregation, newspapers, American and Papal coins, and medals of the church. The cornerstone was placed so that it can be seen from inside the church. It is located by the altar of the Sacred Heart.</p><br>
<h3>Fund raising</h3><br>
<p>At the time, only about $15,000 from the building fund was still available since money had already been spent on buying the property and materials from the Mellon Mansion. Further fund raising generated 1,200 pledges, 95 percent of which were fulfilled: 60 percent of the money came from 10 percent of the parishioners and approximately 10 percent of the people did not contribute at all.</p><br>
<p>The Cenacle was run under the supervision of Dom C. Shiarella, the treasurer of the First National Bank in New Kensington and the cashier of the Building Fund Campaign. He was in charge of collecting all of the pledges made toward the Building Fund. This work kept him in the bank for one or two hours longer than the other employees every evening. This went on for almost five years. Mr. Shiarella was also in charge of making sure there was enough money in the church&#39;s bank account for the payroll that was taken out every other Friday. The needed funds were always collected in time and there was never a week when the account bounced.</p><br>
<p>By October 1941, there was little money left, and the parish sold a house it possessed on Constitution Boulevard for $7,000, which was enough to pay off the $3,000 of debt. The other $4,000 covered some of the continuing costs of construction.</p><br>
<h3>Raising the roof</h3><br>
<p>Around this time, winter was threatening and in order for the walls of the new church to be protected from potential damage, the roof had to be laid before any snow began to fall. This meant that more workers were needed to get the job done faster. This was a problem because the churchs account did not contain enough money to employ more men. As soon as the committee of 100 became aware of this, they began asking for help. They found 30 parishioners who were each willing to lend another $500 each. These parishioners had already given high contributions to the new church but were still willing to help. As a result, the church had an extra $15,000 to pay for the construction of the roof. Every day for about two months, over fifty parishioners worked on building the church roof. In December 1941, the roof was completed. One of the men who helped complete the roof read about the attack on Pearl Harbor in the newspapers and decided to quit his work on the church and enlist in the United States Air Force. James DiMuzio was the congregations first casualty in the war. There is a plaque with his name and date of death on the pier.</p><br>
<p>The winter of 1941–1942 ended up being mild through all of December and most of January and workers were able to continue work on the church until January 27, 1942. On January 4, 1941 a blizzard carried 30 mph winds and left 3 ft of snow. The blizzard forced workers inside the church. Camarata became the director of excavations, concrete, block, brick, stone and marble works, steel structures, road-grading, electric and plumbing systems, carpentry, and landscaping. John Stanish was now his assistant. He built marble grinders, hoisting devices, marble cutters, and marble sanders. He worked with much machinery, including bulldozers, steam-shovels, grading-tractors, and steam-rollers. Stanish collected marble, iron and bronze grilles, electric and plumbing equipment, lumber, panels, light fixtures, paint, chemicals, and ceiling and floor materials from Pennsylvania, Ohio, and New York. So much time and effort was put in by this one man. As a token of the parish&#39;s gratitude to him, an inscription was placed in the main vestibule of Mt. St. Peter Church, on the right, going down into the Marble Hall (downstairs of the church). The Latin inscription reads, Joannes Stanish Res Procuravit (John Stanish procured the material).</p><br>
<p>Much of the work inside the church was done by volunteers under the direction of paid plumbers, electricians, and craftsmen. In addition, all of the pattern-makers and mechanics who worked on the building did so without pay. There was also a group of women who shined marble and granite until the pieces were full of luster.</p><br>
<h2>Opening of Mt. St. Peter Church</h2><br>
<p>By mid-summer of 1942, Mt. St. Peter Parish was once again without funds. By this time, the majority of the work on the new church had been completed and so the congregation agreed that it was time to sell the old St. Peter Church in order to fund the new church. The General Electric Company was willing to pay $16,000 for St. Peter&#39;s and on July 16, 1942, the church became the property of the General Electric Company.</p><br>
<p>Sunday, August 9, 1942, was a day of mixed emotions for the congregation. At twelve o&#39;clock noon, one final Mass was said in the old St. Peter Church, which had been the house of the congregation for the past thirty-eight years. People cried as the Blessed Sacrament was carried out of the church by the pastor. The congregation followed the pastor up to the new church.</p><br>
<p>Mount Saint Peter Church was magnificent and rose up on the hill, but to many, it seemed as if it could not really belong to the congregation. It was much richer than Saint Peter Church and if it had not been labored upon by so many members of the congregation, none would have felt worthy to call it their parish. But since so much work, love, and faith had been spent on this place of worship, parishioners became proud to have the honor of attending Mass there every Sunday. As a construction site, it had held some dangers. On September 28, 1941, a group of teenage boys, just out of high school, were making concrete flooring for the church at the Burrell Construction Company. A large crane operating above them made an unusual movement, causing its bucket, which weighed several tons, to come down with a huge crash right in their midst. All the working tools were completely destroyed but none of the boys were hurt. The bronze door at the front entrance fell on a worker, and everyone believed he had been crushed to death. When ten men lifted the door, they found the worker unharmed underneath it. In another case, an 18-year-old was assigned a job on the tower of the church before it was roofed. No one realized that he had poor eyesight and he fell from the tower while working. On his way down, he was able to grab onto a pulley that was suspended from the tower.</p><br>
<p>Although much time has passed since the completion of the church and although the majority of those who helped to build it have passed on, Mt. St. Peter Church still stands as a Roman Catholic church located at 100 Freeport Road in New Kensington, Pennsylvania. The church is located along the Allegheny River and is approximately 25 mi north-east of the city of Pittsburgh. It is a member of the Diocese of Greensburg. The congregation was founded by Italian immigrants in the early 1900s and the building that now stands as Mt. St. Peter Church was built by its members. In 1998, the building applied for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places as part of an Multiple Property listing that included several properties in New Kensington.</p><br>
<h2>Additions to the church</h2><br>
<h3>The Marble Hall</h3><br>
<p>The Marble Hall is the basement of Mt. St. Peter&#39;s and is 125 by. Before the church had been completed, this area had been filled with valuable material from the Mellon Mansion until the materials found their proper places in the upstairs of the church. By winter of 1944, the basement was completely empty. During this time, there were men working on building the Rectory, but since there was much snow, they could not return to their work on the Rectory until spring. Nicholas Givens had donated a large quantity of marble for the basement, so they began work on the basement. The workers covered the ground with black asphalt tile and the walls and pillars with white Carrara marble. Two marble altars were constructed along with a large kitchen built to feed up to 400 people. They also built a furnace room and a large workshop to the side of the kitchen.</p><br>
<p>When work on the Marble Hall was being done, from 1944–1948, the assistant pastor of Mount St. Peters was Father George Goralka, who executed an inscription around the central nave of the ceiling of the Marble Hall, Christs proclamation of Peters Primacy: "Blessed art thou Simon Son of Jona and I say to thee, thou art Peter and upon this Rock I will build my Church and the gates of Hell shall not prevail against it, and I will give thee the keys of the Kingdom of Heaven and whatever thou shall bind on earth shall be bound in Heaven and whatever thou shall loose on earth shall be loosed in Heaven." The basement was called the Marble Hall after completion and the name stuck. The Marble Hall is mostly used for special breakfasts and dinners, and for fish fry fundraisers during Lent. The hall also serves as the parishs Italian Restaurant during the Festa Italiana each August. On special holidays when more parishioners than usual attend Mass, which usually include Christmas, Palm Sunday, and Easter, the Mass is said in both the upstairs of the church and downstairs in the Marble Hall.</p><br>
<h3>The rectory</h3><br>
<p>According to the Council of Trent, every Catholic church is required to have a residing pastor. Before the building of the rectory began in 1944, the three priests and their housekeeper had lived in the Leslie Mansion (the mansion on the property). The mansion was over a hundred years old, was a frame building, had very few rooms, provided poor living conditions, and had a water pump at the main entrance.</p><br>
<p>Therefore, the parish was in desperate need of a new rectory and the new project was begun in 1944. An engineer, Frank H. Recco, was the technical advisor of the project. Parishioners borrowed a bulldozer from the John F. Casey Company in Aspinwall, and a steam shovel from the Burrell Construction and Supply Company of New Kensington; and they dug the foundation for a two-level building.</p><br>
<p>Cinder blocks were purchased for eight cents each. Flexicore slabs were made by young men of the parish on the grounds of the Burrell Construction Company and also at Mt. St. Peter&#39;s. They were made under the direction of Charles Cammarata, who was assisted by the General Electric Co. The slabs, once completed, were used to make the floors and roof. John Stanish gathered free flexicore forms from Dayton, Ohio, free cement from the Burrell Construction Company, and free bricks from an abandoned brick-yard in New Kensington.</p><br>
<p>The three story rectory took three years to complete. On the first floor, there is a dining room, a breakfast room, a kitchen, a pantry, space for archives, a laundry room, and a three car garage. There are four separate stairways that lead up to the second floor. The second floor has three offices, a community room, a large library, and a spacious veranda. In the hallway, there is a large stained glass window made in Germany, but repurposed from the Mellon Mansion. The third floor can be reached from either of two stairwells. The floor has ten rooms divided into four apartments and two guestrooms. This floor also has an open veranda.</p><br>
<p>In addition, the house has nine bathrooms and one elevator, which were taken from the Mellon Mansion. Also taken from the Mellon Mansion were two fireplaces. The one was carved in Italy from lava of Mt. Vesuvius and is located in the community room. The other, located in the dining room on the first floor, was carved out of red Michigan sandstone by an Italian-American sculptor.</p><br>
<h3>The Mount Saint Peter Oval</h3><br>
<p>Once the church and rectory had been completed, the workers began to envision a plaza. The area that was to become the oval was still occupied by the mansion that was on the Mt. St. Peter grounds. With the permission of the Chancery Office of the Diocese of Pittsburgh, the mansion was demolished and only a few of the fixtures were removed by the church prior to the demolition.</p><br>
<p>A 10 ft wide road was built around the area that was to become the oval. John Stanish decided to have the oval paved with small pieces marble. He collected the marble remaining from the building of the church along with other pieces. The pieces were all different types, colors, and sizes. Mr. Stanish instructed John Martorana to lay them.</p><br>
<p>Martorana placed the pieces of marble in a way that looked artistic. In 1947, a pedestal of granite taken from the Mellon Mansion was erected on the northern end of the oval. On top of it was placed a life-size bronze statue of Christ with open arms. On Armistice Day, November 11, 1951, the monument was dedicated to the defenders of the United States.</p><br>
<p>A high flying flagpole was presented to the oval by Alcoa. The American flag was hoisted on it for the first time by Joseph Iozzi, who was a disabled veteran of World War II. Nearly all of the fraternal organizations of the New Kensington community were represented at the dedication ceremony. The Reverend Monsignor Giustino Meniconzi, who was the Vicar-General of the Diocese of Ferentino, Italy, blessed the statue of Christ and the American flag.</p><br>
<h3>Convent school</h3><br>
<p>The next thing built on the grounds was an eight foot arch that went from the rectory to the next future building. A statue of Saint Peter was placed in the niche over the keystone of the arch. From the arch, a large stairway descends to the lower level of the grounds.</p><br>
<p>For two years, from 1948–1950, work was done on the new building connected to the rectory by the arch. The three-story building was made of flexicore slab and the outside was made from a mixture of new and old bricks in the back and Michigan red sandstone in the front, so that the building was the same color as the buildings to which it was adjoined. The interior of the building was plastered by one of the best plasterers in the area, Dom Graziano, who was the son of a parishioner. He did all of the plastering for free.</p><br>
<p>When the building was finished, it had two classrooms, a kitchen, a laundry room, a pantry, and a main entrance on the first floor. On the second floor, there were three classrooms and a chapel with an adjoining sacristy. The third floor was a living area for the teaching sisters. It had eight cells, a kitchen, a refectory, and a community room. All in all, the building was a permanent convent and a temporary parochial school.</p><br>
<h3>Parochial school</h3><br>
<p>Since the convent school was small and only temporary, the next order of business was to build the actual school. The parochial school took ten years to build (1950–1960). This building also consists of three floors and is covered with red sandstone in the front. The rear of the building is made of white Pennsylvania sandstone. There is a bell tower on the building. It has three heavy, bronze bells that were salvaged from three Protestant churches of Pittsburgh.</p><br>
<p>The walls of the building are faced with blue tiles from Kittanning. Mr. Clifford McNees, who was the president of the Kittanning Tile and Brick Company at the time when Mt. St. Peter bought the tile, sold the tiles for a lot cheaper than normal price. He felt that it would not be fair to take advantage of a church by charging high prices. Another man who helped save the parish money in the constructing of the school was parishioner Luigi Valle. He advised the workers on how to set the tiles for many days while refusing to be paid for his services. Valle died in his early 40s, before the tile laying was completed. His place was taken by Bruno Regoli and two of his sons, Bruno, Jr. and John. (John would later become a priest of Mt. St. Peter Parish.) The three men faced the entire third floor with tile, a job that took them more than a month to complete.</p><br>
<p>Two huge granite lions, taken from the gardens of the Mellon Mansion, stand guard at the main entrance of the school and the door is surmounted with a terracotta Madonna by Della Robbia. In the school, there are nine classrooms, two auditoriums, a library, a cafeteria, and a utility kitchen. When the school was completed in 1960, it opened for children in grades 1–8. Later on, a kindergarten and preschool were added.</p><br>
<p>In September 2002, Mount Saint Peter School no longer stood alone but rather became part of Mary Queen of Apostles School. The new school resulted from the consolidation of Mount Saint Peter, Saint Joseph, and Saint Margaret Mary Schools. Now, the school at Mt. St. Peter&#39;s now educates children in preschool through third grade.</p><br>
<h2>Pastors of Mt. St. Peter</h2><br>
<p>The pastor of Mt. St. Peter Parish is appointed to the position by the Bishop and is the leader of the parish. When one steps down, is transferred to another church, passes away, or retires, another is appointed. He is in charge of making sure that everything goes smoothly with the priests and administration of the church. The pastor works in collaboration with the Parish Staff, the Parish Pastoral Council, and the Parish Finance Council. His mission is to proclaim and help facilitate the building of the Kingdom of God among the parishioners of Mt. St. Peter Church.</p><br>
<h2>Congregation in the 21st century</h2><br>
<p>As of 2009, the congregation had approximately five thousand two hundred and nine parishioners. Mount Saint Peter Church serves as a symbol of faith and what can be accomplished when people work together for a common belief, hope, and dream. The churchs new motto, adopted in 2004, reflected this balance: "to restore all things in Christ...with the fire of love." This motto serves as a constant reminder of the history of the parish. The beauty of the Mellon Mansion was restored by the congregation and turned into a House of God. This was done through a strong love of Christ, faith, and neighbor. The names of the volunteers who helped build the church are carved in the marble inside the main entrance of the church and serve as a token of the congregations appreciation. Many of today&#39;s parishioners are descendants of those volunteers and are proud to tell the story of their forefathers who gave them this church in which to practice their faith.</p><br>
<h3>Church mission</h3><br>
<p>The parish mission reflects its ongoing commitment to both the Catholic and the Italian identity. "Mount Saint Peter Parish, a diverse Catholic parish strongly rooted in its rich Italian heritage, is called to spread the good news of Jesus Christ to all. With liturgy as the source and summit of pastoral life, we will work to promote faith formation as a life long process, to invite others into faithful stewardship in service to the Kingdom of God, and to promote our faith by word and deed to the wider community." Mass is said at 8:30 am everyday from Monday to Friday and at 4:00 pm on Saturday evenings. Sunday Masses are said weekly at 8:30 and 10:30 am.</p><br>
<h3>Festa Italiana</h3><br>
<p>As part of its continuing mission, the congregation sponsors an annual Festa Italiana every August. The festival itself is full of activities, but one of the main attractions is the food. The menu usually includes lasagna with homemade noodles, spaghetti and meatballs, hot sausage sandwich with onions and peppers, pasta e fagiole, Italian rice balls, and other items such as pulled pork and baked chicken. Desserts include cannoli, frappe, pizelles, biscotti and gelato</p><br>
<p>One parishioner explained, "I like seeing everyone from town, but the food is always an attraction."</p><br>
<h3>Parish organizations</h3><br>
<p>Within the congregation, there are many organizations that specialize in various activities, all of which strive to better the church or community or both. These groups allow parishioners to work with each other in order to reach common goals and also allows them to become more involved in Mt. St. Peter Church. This way, the congregation can remain a close knit family, not just a church where parishioners spend an hour praying on Sunday mornings. The organizations listed are the ones that are currently active, there were in the past, many others, like the Committee of a hundred (mentioned in the history section), which are no longer in existence.</p><br>
<h4>Addolorata Society</h4><br>
<p>The Addolorata Society was started by a group of women parishioners in 1903 and continues to be an all-women society. The goal of the group is to find better ways to serve the church. The symbol of the Addolorata Society is the Blessed Mother because she symbolizes love. A member becomes a free life member when she turns eighty, as long as she has a member for at least fifteen years prior to her eightieth birthday. Some of their events include attending funeral Masses and collecting money to purchase altar linens, vestments, and altar lights. The presidents of the society since 1903 in chronological order are as follows: Mrs. Rose Spinelli, Mrs. Michelina Fragale, Mrs. Maria Greco, Mrs. Rose Pascuzzi, Mrs. Santa Bordonaro, Mrs. Anna Bordonaro, Mrs. Sabetta, Mrs. Carmina Chirella, Georgeanne Stearman, and Sandy Laney.</p><br>
<h4>Saint Anthony Guild</h4><br>
<p>In 1939, Mrs. Angela Costanza Bongiovanni, along with the help of Monsignor Fuso, founded the Saint Anthony Guild. At that time, 32 women joined Mrs. Bongiovanni&#39;s new guild. The mission of the guild was to serve the special needs of the parish and to help the poor and disadvantaged in the area. Also, the guild volunteered its time and effort at the St. Anthony Orphanage in Oakmont, hence the name "Saint Anthony Guild." All the members of the Saint Anthony Guild are women and they strive to provide their group with fellowship and spiritual renewal through the help the bestow on the church and community.</p><br>
<p>As of 2010, there are 47 active members of the organization and the president is Suzette Venturini. The group meets on the third Tuesday of February, April, May, August, September, October and November in the Marble Hall of Mt. St. Peter Church. The meetings consist of discussing projects and praying together. The St. Anthony Guild is known for their visits to the home-bound of the parish at Christmas and Easter and also for their Tree of Angels Campaign. This campaign allows parishioners to purchase angels in memory of loved ones that are placed on the churchs Christmas tree. The money raised from these angel ornaments is donated to children in need. The guild also has many entertaining fundraisers to raise money for their charity projects. Some of these include a dance for parishioners in the fall, bingo nights, and selling coupons for special shopping days at Macys.</p><br>
<h4>Altar servers</h4><br>
<p>The honor of becoming an altar server, was, in the past, a privilege only available to boys but has since become coed. Altar servers wear long, white, plain robes and assist the priest in his duties during the Mass. At Mt. St. Peter Church, there are four altar servers at every Mass. One is the book bearer and is in charge of bringing the Bible to the priest at the times during which the priest reads from the Bible during the Mass. The cross bearer holds a large, wooded crucifix and commences the procession in which the priest enters the church. Also present in the procession are the acolytes, and the book bearer. He or she also leads the procession out of the church at the end of the Mass. The last two altar servers are acolytes and are in charge of lighting the candles in the church prior to the beginning of the Mass and extinguishing them after Mass.</p><br>
<p>Children, ages 11–17, volunteer to become altar servers not only to serve the church but also because it has always been looked upon as an honor. It is a chance for children to serve their priest and become closer to Jesus by being on the altar. In addition, it is an opportunity for them to try to make themselves more holy and therefore more worthy of the position.</p><br>
<h4>Confraternity of Christian Doctrine</h4><br>
<p>The Confraternity of Christian Doctrine, also known as C.C.D. consists of men and women whose mission is to teach the principles of loving and serving God to the children of the parish who do not attend Catholic School. Members of the confraternity serve as teachers in the Sunday Schools of the parish (there are seven different Sunday Schools belonging to Mt. St. Peter&#39;s in total). These teachers send out the Catholic messages of faith and love through words, stories, examples, and prayers in order to help the children grow in their faith. The majority of children who attend one of the Sunday Schools are ages 6–12.</p><br>
<h4>Holy Name Society</h4><br>
<p>For over fifty years, the Holy Name Society of Mt. St. Peter Church has been working to inspire love, honor, and reverence for the holy name of Jesus Christ. The society also works to promote respect for the Catholic Church, loyalty to Mt. St. Peter Parish, and a life filled with good spiritual values that can be carried throughout family, education, and work. The Holy Name Society is strictly for Catholic men and was begun by Monsignor Fusco, who started the group in hopes of uniting men of the parish through service to others. Members of the society host a Mass and breakfast on the Sunday prior to Palm Sunday every year and an annual Golf Outing during the summer. Money raised at this these two events is donated to the parish to help aid in the costs of parish projects.</p><br>
<h4>Ushers' Club</h4><br>
<p>The Ushers Club consists of thirty or less men of the parish. They are chosen to join the club by the authority of the church. All members are required to do their job as "ushers" during Mass. This job entails showing people to available seats, telling parishioners when it is the right time to rise and get in line for communion, and collecting the monetary offerings of the parishioners during the presenting of the gifts to the altar. Members of the Ushers Club also serve the church by volunteering their time and labor at the social activities of the parish.</p><br>
<h4>St. Vincent De Paul Society</h4><br>
<p>Mt. St. Peter Parish has a branch of the Saint Vincent De Paul Society. The goal of this branch of the society, like all other branches, is to help the poor, the sick, and the suffering. Members of this group work to help people locally by collecting food and delivering it to food banks in and around New Kensington. Within the church, it is seen as a great honor to be part of this society and the members believe that the best help lies in the people they are more than in the caring acts they perform. They all work together to help others and they continually strive to become better Catholics.</p><br>
<h4>Mount Saint Peter Parish Council</h4><br>
<p>In March 1972, the Mount Saint Peter Parish Council was first elected. The group consists of eighteen elected members and it advises and assists the pastor in important decisions concerning the affairs of the church. It prides itself on having the ability to guide the parish in its mission of following Christ. The main purpose of the council is to give the pastor an insight into what the parish community thinks and how it feels about different issues. All of the parish activities must go through the four standing committees, which are the Liturgy, Education, Apostolic Work, and Temporalities.</p><br>
<p>The Brothers Fault Zone  is the most notable of a set of northwest-trending fault zones including the Eugene&ndash;Denio, McLoughlin, and Vale zones that dominate the geological structure of most of Oregon. These are also representative of a regional pattern of generally northwest-striking geological features ranging from Walker Lane on the California&ndash;Nevada border to the Olympic&ndash;Wallowa Lineament in Washington; these are generally associated with the regional extension and faulting of the Basin and Range Province, of which the BFZ is considered the northern boundary.</p><br>
<p>The relationships with other features is complex. At the BFZ&#39;s eastern end, near the Steens Mountain fault, the zone of surface faulting turns slightly to the south-southeast (possibly due to rotation of Nevada), then follows the Northern Nevada Rift to form the Oregon&ndash;Nevada lineament, with a total length of over 75 km. Lavas associated with the Nevada Rift have been dated to 16.3 Ma (millions of years ago), close to the inception of basin-and-range faulting, but there is a suspicion that the rifting developed on an older strike-slip fault, possibly connected with the East Pacific Rise.</p><br>
<p>At its west end, just past the Newberry Volcano, the BFZ terminates at the north-striking Sisters Fault, part of the High Cascades geological province. But further south the Pliocene (&lt;5 Ma) High Cascades volcanic trend is offset right-laterally about 10 to 20 km by the Eugene&ndash;Denio fault zone, and another 15 to 20 km by the McLoughlin zone.</p><br>
<p>At a possibly more fundamental level, the Brothers, Eugene&ndash;Denio, and McLoughlin zones, and possibly the Vale zone, all terminate near the Klamath &ndash; Blue Mountains Lineament (KBML; shortened and slightly misplaced on the map at right). The KBML is a prominent, 700 km long southwest-to-northeast-striking gravitational anomaly that crosses all of Oregon. It coincides with the southern boundary of the Columbia Embayment (the Olympic&ndash;Wallowa Lineament in Washington being the northern boundary), a region noticeably lacking in pre-Tertiary bedrock. Aside from aligning with the northwestern edge of several terranes that have accreted to the North American continent (such as the Klamath Mountains on the southern coast of Oregon, and Blue Mountains Province just north of the BFZ), the KBML has no apparent surface manifestation; it is believed to reflect a deeper structure, possible a pre-Tertiary continental margin.</p><br>
<p>The BFZ is the northern edge of the Basin and Range Province, a region of northwest directed extension, wherefore the BFZ also accommodates the offset with the Blue Mountains Province. It does this not by through-going strike-slip faulting (such as with the San Andreas fault to the south) but by a series of hundreds of en echelon normal faults somewhat crosswise to the zone itself. Such faulting is believed to be the surface manifestation of a deeper shear zone.</p><br>
<p>The Brothers Fault Zone is also the locus of the High Lava Plains (HLP) volcanism of central and southeastern Oregon. HLP volcanism is notable for showing an age progression from 16 Ma at its eastern end (near the Oregon&ndash;Nevada&ndash;Idaho corner) to the active Newberry Volcano at its western end. This age progression mirrors the very similar progression along the track of the Yellowstone Hotspot, which appears to have a common origin. Also closely related in space and time is the eruption of the 16.6 Ma Steens Basalts, the initial and most voluminous phase of the Columbia River Basalt Group lava flows that blanket eastern Oregon and the entire southeastern quarter of Washington. These also show a similar age progression to the north; there is a great deal of debate on how all of these are related, and how they initiated. The track of the Yellowstone Hotspot is neatly explained by motion of the North American craton over a plume (hotspot) of material rising from the mantle. But this explanation fails for the so-called "Newberry hotspot" track, which lies oblique to the motion of the craton. One suggestion is that the large blob of molten rock at the head of the plume was sheared off by the advancing edge of the craton, and remained entrained in front of the craton to melt the lithosphere in a broad region, while the tail of the plume was overrun to make the Yellowstone Hotspot track. Age progressive volcanism along the Brothers Fault Zone (as well as the Steens Fault and North Nevada Rift) results from the expanding lithospheric melt opportunistically exploiting existing crustal faults.</p><br>
<p>In summary, the Brothers Fault Zone, and the related Eugene&ndash;Denio, McLoughlin, and Vale zones, appear to be deep-seated structures in accreted terranes bounded by the Klamath—Blue Mountains Lineament, which has been reactivated by Basin and Range extension, and exploited by mid-Miocene volcanism associated with the Yellowstone Hotspot.</p><br>
<p>Babylon Town Hall, also known as Town of Babylon Old Town Hall, is a historic town hall located at Babylon in Suffolk County, New York. It was built in 1917 and is a -story Classical Revival style building with a low hipped roof. It is rectangular in shape, approximately 58 feet long and 54 feet wide. It features a cupola at the center of the roof and a large 2-story portico with four Doric order columns. It housed town offices until 1958, and housed district courts until 1979, when it was sold. Old Town Hall was purchased back by the town in June 2004 and rededicated on Sunday, October 24, 2004.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005. A historical marker was erected by the Town of Babylon in 1986.</p><br>
<p>The Nathaniel Conklin House is a historic house located at 280 Deer Park Avenue in Babylon, Suffolk County, New York.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>It was built in 1803 and consists of a rectangular main block and a smaller back extension. It has a two-story plus attic, five-bay-wide, frame building with an attached kitchen wing of one and one half stories. It was moved to its present site in 1871. It has been owned and operated by the American Red Cross since 1945. As described by state records, the house is notable in its attention to craftsmanship. “The weather sheathing of this 1803 house is of hand-split and dressed shingles (except under the porch). These are butt-nailed with cut nails set and puttied.”</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 8, 1988.</p><br>
<p>The Saltford Manor is a stone house in Saltford, Somerset, near Bath, that is thought to be the oldest continuously occupied private house in England, and has been designated as a Grade II* listed building.</p><br>
<p>The original Norman construction was by William Fitz Robert, 2nd Earl of Gloucester, and was built on an estate owned at the time of the Domesday Book by Geoffrey de Montbray the Bishop of Coutances. It is contemporary with nearby Horton Court which was a prebendary house, therefore it is likely that Saltford had an association with Keynsham Abbey, and has long been associated with St Mary&#39;s Church.</p><br>
<p>In 2003, Saltford Manor was the winner of a contest sponsored by Country Life to find the "oldest continuously inhabited house in Britain". There were hundreds of entrants, many eliminated because they had been built as ecclesiastical buildings and only become available in the housing market after Henry VIII dissolved the monasteries. Other very old dwellings were eliminated because they are now used as shops or museums. After winning the contest, its resident at the time James Wynn, wrote a history book about the manor entitled The House That Jack Built: The Story of the Oldest Inhabited House in Britain. The book described his love for the site and how he restored it to its current state in 1997.</p><br>
<p>In 2008 Saltford Manor was put up for sale and eventually was sold, on 27 August, 2010 for £1,275,000.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Architectural historian John Goodall believes the house has details, particularly in the ornate windows, which date it securely to before 1150, and probably to around 1148, the completion date of Hereford Cathedral, which has some similarities, notably a Norman arch etched with diamond markings that are similar to features in the Cathedral.</p><br>
<p>Nikolaus Pevsner points to the rare survival of a fragment of a medieval painting as an important feature of the house. Other historically significant details include a Norman window in the main bedroom, a 17th-century kitchen, and an "imposing" Tudor fireplace in the sitting room.</p><br>
<p>Architectural historian Anthony Emery believes that the house originally consisted of a large single room on each floor with a vaulted chamber on the ground floor.</p><br>
<p>Major remodelling was carried out in the 17th century being undertaken during the ownership of two generations of the Flower family. The dovecote next to the barn in the grounds dates from this period.</p><br>
<p>90 Church Street is a federal office building in Manhattan, New York City, New York, USA The building operates as the United States Postal Service&#39;s Church Street Station, which is responsible for the 10048 and 10007 ZIP codes. The building takes up a full block between Church Street and West Broadway and between Vesey and Barclay Streets in the Tribeca neighborhood of Manhattan. The AIA Guide to New York City says about the building: "A boring limestone monolith that has trouble deciding between a heritage of stripped down neo-Classical and a new breath of Art Deco."</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>90 Church Street was designed by Cross & Cross, Pennington, Lewis & Mills and Louis A. Simon, who was Supervising Architect of the Department of the Treasury at the time. The architectural style of the building is a mixture of Neo-classicism and Art Deco. It has two towers and the facade is clad in limestone.</p><br>
<p>The building was completed in 1935, boasting the art deco style of its day.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places by the City of New York in 1989.</p><br>
<p>In addition to housing the Postal Service, the 90 Church Street building contains offices of the New York State Public Service Commission, the New York State Health Department, and the New York City Housing Authority.</p><br>
<h3>September 11 attacks</h3><br>
<p>The building suffered moderate damage during the September 11 attacks due to a remnant of one of the planes and other debris landing on top of the building. Following the collapse of the World Trade Centers twin towers, the building&#39;s facade was damaged, windows were broken, the roof was seriously burned and major water damage occurred throughout the internal structure. It was also extensively contaminated with asbestos, lead dust, fungi, fiberglass dust, mercury, and bacteria. The building was entirely engulfed by dust after the collapse of both buildings, respectively, and was further damaged when Building 7 collapsed later the same day. There was no major structural damage. During recovery efforts at Ground Zero, the United States Postal Service worked to return individual pieces of mail found by rescue workers to the addressees. In August 2004, the Church Street Station Post Office reopened, and mail was once again being processed there. Church Street Station also serves the 10007 ZIP code, covering portions of Battery Park City, TriBeCa, and the area surrounding New York City Hall.</p><br>
<p>The original Wendell August Forge facility was a historic landmark in Mercer County, Pennsylvania. It is the last remaining working forge in the state. The company operates retail stores in Grove City, Berlin, Ohio and Wilmington, North Carolina; the forge and the stores are well-known tourist destinations. Wendell August was the first to use the repoussé process of manufacture, and has operated near Grove City since 1932. It produces a variety of merchandise, including Americana, such as bowls, figurines and ornaments,as well as commemorative items.</p><br>
<p>When it was built in 1932, the forge was a simple one-story rectangular building measuring approximately 60 ft by 160 ft; its frame was steel, constructed on a foundation of poured concrete. That property was located in a primarily residential neighborhood.</p><br>
<h2>2010 Fire</h2><br>
<p>The historic facility was destroyed by a fire on March 6, 2010 after an automatic sprinkler system failed to timely react to a sudden sparked fire from an electric ventilation fan. The fire moved rapidly throughout the structure, pressing almost two dozen local firefighters into service.</p><br>
<p>Owner Will Knecht, who had been at the company&#39;s store at the nearby Prime Outlets, was reached on his cell phone by an anxious worker telling him the forge was on fire. Knecht reached the forge to find the structure fully engulfed in flames. When an employee asked him what they would do, Knecht joined hands with the staff, forming a prayer circle outside the remains of the forge. Knecht led the group in prayer for guidance. Firefighters at the scene taking rest breaks joined the employees as they prayed.</p><br>
<p>While the building itself was a total loss, firefighters knew where the dies that were most crucial to the forge&#39;s regular operation were held and worked to keep flames away from that part of the building, and were able to save the majority of them.</p><br>
<p>Knecht told many media outlets in a series of interviews later that the support he received from the business community within moments of the blaze was "incredible." Many merchants offered work space, a hotel offered the North Carolina-based Knecht free lodging, and others pitched in to help the forge recover.</p><br>
<p>Knecht said that prior to the fire, Wendell August Forge had just completed a deal with the Pittsburgh Penguins, which had been the biggest purchase in the forges history. The deal was to produce souvenir tickets for the NHL teams final home game at Mellon Arena before it would be demolished to make way for its successor, CONSOL Energy Center. Knecht said that team owner Mario Lemieux called, and after Knecht assured him that the order would be filled without a problem, Lemieux offered to help by advancing some of the money to the forge prior to the order&#39;s completion.</p><br>
<p>Told to expect to be out of business for at least nine months by his insurance company, Knecht and his staff had the forge up and running from temporary locations within five days with little disruption in service. "Not one employee went without a paycheck," he said.</p><br>
<p>For the next 3 years, factory and office operations were located at the old Cooper-Bessemer plant in Grove City with a temporary retail outlet at the nearby Slovak Folk Crafts.</p><br>
<p>Knecht explained that Wendell August Forge was grandfathered under subsequent zoning changes made in the borough of Grove City since it first opened. After the fire, the forge was no longer protected under these changes, and it would not be feasible for the forge to rebuild on its heritage site and be ordinance compliant. Thus, a new site would have to be found, and there was none in Grove City large enough for a new forge that could be found for a reasonable price.</p><br>
<p>After being told that the forge was underinsured, Knecht was able to secure a state grant of $4 million to build a substantially larger facility and increase its workforce from 70 to 120.</p><br>
<p>On Tuesday, October 9th, 2013, Wendell August opened their new Flagship store, factory and headquarters at 2074 Leesburg-Grove City Rd, 1/2 mile west of the Grove City Premium Outlets in Springfield Township, Pennsylvania. The new 52,000 square foot facility includes a history center and offers tours of the factory.</p><br>
<p>The company pioneered the production of hammered aluminum giftware, which it first produced in 1930.</p><br>
<p>Over the years, the forge&#39;s works have included ashtrays used on the Hindenburg as well as a number of customized items for Walt Disney.</p><br>
<h2>Sources</h2><br>
<p>Iolcus  is an ancient city, a modern village and a former municipality in Magnesia, Thessaly, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Volos, of which it is a municipal unit. It is located in central Magnesia, north of the Pagasitic Gulf. Its land area is 1.981 km². The municipal unit is divided into three communities, Agios Onoufrios , Anakasia  and Ano Volos , with a total population of 2,138 . The seat of the former municipality was the village of Ano Volos.</p><br>
<h2>Mythology</h2><br>
<p>According to ancient Greek mythology, Aeson was the rightful king of Iolcus, but his half-brother Pelias usurped the throne. It was Pelias who sent Aesons son Jason and his Argonauts to look for the Golden Fleece. The ship Argo set sail from Iolcus with a crew of fifty demigods and princes under Jasons leadership. Their mission was to reach Colchis in Aea at the eastern seaboard of the Black Sea and reclaim and bring back the Golden Fleece.</p><br>
<p>Along with the Golden Fleece, Jason brought a wife, the sorceress Medea—king Aeetes&#39; daughter, granddaughter of the Sun, niece of Circe, princess of Aea, and later queen of Iolcus, Corinth and Aea, and also murderer of her brother Absyrtus, and her two sons from Jason. She is a tragic figure whose trials and tribulations were artfully dramatized in the much-staged play by Euripides, Medea.</p><br>
<p>The place of ancient Iolcus is believed to be located in modern-day nearby Dimini, where a Mycenaean palace was excavated recently.</p><br>
<h2>Historical population</h2><br>
<p>Powdermill Reservoir lies to the east of Sedlescombe, East Sussex, England. The reservoir provides water for Southern Water customers.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Originally forming part of the Great Sanders Estate, the name is derived from the fact that there was an 18th-century black powder (gunpowder) manufacturer on the site. The mill used to grind the powder was driven by water from a mill pond formed by a dam across the original stream. The mill was the scene of three explosions, before its eventual closure, in which several workers died (one of whom, according to a rather ghoulish contemporary newspaper report, was blown into five, named, pieces). One of the original pair of mill stones may be seen, half buried, at the eastern end of the dam. Prior to its use as a powdermill the site held an iron foundry which pre dated the attempt by the Spanish Armada to invade Britain.</p><br>
<p>Under the direction of Sydney Little, "The Concrete King", the reservoir was constructed between 1929 and 1932.</p><br>
<p>The dam is of earth with a concrete slab facing and a puddle clay core and is 370 yards long with a height of 40 feet. The construction of the dam required 170 men working for nearly 40 months and, due to unforeseen difficulties caused by underlying and extruding sandstone strata, the estimated construction costs were exceeded by a considerable margin. A number of the workers employed on the site were of Welsh origin and several married local girls and settled in the area giving rise to a fair proportion of Welsh surnames in the Sedlescombe community.</p><br>
<p>Filling of the reservoir began on 5th November 1931 and was complete in March 1932.</p><br>
<h2>Fishing</h2><br>
<p>Once the reservoir was completed in March 1932, the Hastings Corporation (the original owners) were approached for the lease of the fishing rights. A seven-year lease was granted to the for a fee of £5 per annum and with the undertaking to stock the waters with two thousand fish per season. Since then the lease and the number of fish stocked has risen by a considerable margin.</p><br>
<p>San Francesco del Deserto is an island in the Venetian Lagoon in Véneto, Italy, with a surface of some 4 ha. It is located between Sant&#39;Erasmo and Burano. It houses a minorites convent.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The island was frequented since Roman times. In 1220, St. Francis landed here at his return from the Holy Land during the Fifth Crusade, and founded a hermitage here. After his death, the island was given to the Minorites by the Venetian patrician Jacopo Michiel, a relative of the patriarch of Grado, Angelo Barozzi, to found a convent.</p><br>
<p>During the Austrian rule of Venice the island, abandoned due to its unhealthy characteristics, was used as a powder depot. In 1858 it was donated to the diocese of Venice, who allowed the friars to refound a convent here.</p><br>
<p>Miller Place Historic District is a national historic district located at Miller Place in Suffolk County, New York. The district contains 27 contributing buildings. It encompasses a concentration of the rural vernacular architecture characteristic of Long Island from the mid-18th through late 19th century. They are largely 1- to -story, wood frame dwellings sheathed in clapboard or wood shingles. Also included is the Miller Place Academy building.</p><br>
<p>The Historic District spans from the William Miller Homestead on North Country Road(CR 20)at the west end, to just beyond the Vassilaros house, then turns northeast along Lower Rocky Point Road until it reaches Gully Landing Road to the east end. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976 and was the first national historic district in the Town of Brookhaven.</p><br>
<p>West Meadow Beach Historic District is a peninsula of public parkland approximately 1.5 miles long and a national historic district located in northwestern Stony Brook in Suffolk County, New York. The district through much of the 20th century contained 120 summer cottages built along West Meadow Beach on Long Island Sound. Most were constructed during the 1920s and 1930s , under deeds provided as political favors.</p><br>
<p>In 1979 a state court ruled that the cottages were illegal, as the underlying property was public parkland. All but four of the cottages were removed in 2004. The remaining ones are being adapted for public purposes.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the early part of the century, including through the 1920s, lots along the beach were leased out by the Town and people built summer cottages. Some families who owned these cottages returned to the beach annually for decades.</p><br>
<p>In 1976 the Brookhaven Town Board resolved to dedicate all of the peninsula as a town park, including the beach. There had long been complaints by residents about the cottages on the public land and the privileges held by their lessees. The beach shoreline was open to the public although some of the upper areas near the road were occupied by the seasonal cottages. The central portion of the beach near the parking lot was staffed by licensed lifeguards during the summer season and a small public building provided the facilities.</p><br>
<p>In 1979 a State Supreme Court ruled that these privately held cottages were illegally sited on, and therefore alienating, public parkland owned by the Town of Brookhaven. Years of controversy followed as local people pushed to have the cottages moved off the parkland.</p><br>
<p>In 1996 Assemblyman Steve Englebright gained passage of a bill to allow a short extension of the leases (8 years) in exchange for allowing the Town to use the rents collected during that time period for costs associated with removing the structures before 2005. The cottage holders relinquished title under the bill. Their $7,000-a-year lease payments were collected for a fund to pay for the demolition of the cottages and construction of a park. During this period, the Town collected about $1.8 million for each project. The funds for park restoration could also be used to protect this ecosystem, and educate the public in understanding the value of this significant coastal salt-marsh habitat.</p><br>
<p>In part to resist the state court order and subsequent state legislation to restore the public parkland and beach, the cottage "leaseholders" worked with allies to have the entire peninsula and its cottages added to the National Register of Historic Places as a National Historic District, which was achieved on October 28, 2004. By that time, 92 cottages remained. They were an example of historic uses that did not exist in many places. Despite this, the state court-mandated removal orders took precedence.</p><br>
<p>In December 2004, the remaining residents were evicted, the cottages were removed, and the process was begun to restore the beach. A total of four cottages were preserved for adaptive re-use for various public purposes. Three are reserved for use by the Brookhaven Town Parks Department, Public Safety Department, and Division of Environmental Protection, to assist in ecosystem protection of this parkland and in education of the public.</p><br>
<p>Located at the southern tip of the peninsula known as Shipman&#39;s Point, the most significant historic structure, the noted Gamecock Cottage (c. 1876) with Victorian-style architecture, was likewise preserved. The Gamecock Cottage is being restored by the town government. It will be protected under a stewardship agreement with a non-profit community organization, the Three Village Community Trust.</p><br>
<p>Public parking is available in the northern section of the peninsula near the active Town Beach. It is open to Town of Brookhaven residents for free and during the beach season, to non-residents on a daily fee basis. A small center is open on the marsh side for viewing and programs.</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife</h2><br>
<p>West Meadow&#39;s mile-long beach, maritime forest, and 88-acre nearby tidal salt marshes and wetlands, along West Meadow Creek, provide habitat to a number of shore birds and song birds species, inclusive of the endangered piping plover and least terns, as well as egrets, black-crowned night herons, and osprey. It is designated as a New York State Significant Coastal Fish & Wildlife Habitat, and a Long Island Sound Study Stewardship Area. In 2006, the West Meadow Beach Restoration Master Plan was initiated to guide the project.</p><br>
<p>Varieties of song birds identified in the brushy areas along the creek include the following:</p><br>
<p>Chipping Sparrows and Song Sparrows</p><br>
<p>Yellow, Blue Winged and Prairie Warblers</p><br>
<p>House and Carolina Wrens</p><br>
<p>Yellow and Black Billed Cuckoos</p><br>
<p>Brown Thrashers, Mockingbirds and Grey Catbirds</p><br>
<p>House and Gold Finches</p><br>
<p>Downy and Red Bellied Woodpeckers</p><br>
<p>Baltimore Orioles</p><br>
<p>Cedar Waxwings and Eastern Kingbird</p><br>
<p>With its combination of tidal saltwater marsh around West Meadow Creek, the beach strip and Long Island Sound, the park attracts numerous wildlife photographers. In the spring the edges of the long beach are filled with mating horseshoe crabs, an ancient species.</p><br>
<p>The Pavilion, the site for environmental programs, is located on the marsh side. A ranger and environmental educator assigned to the park leads such programs for children and adults, including moonlight walks and seasonal programs to view migrating species. Boy Scouts can participate in programs to satisfy environmental, forestry and oceanography badges. Since 2009, young men from local high schools have built three chimney swift towers near the parking lot and three bat houses in the park, to provide nesting areas to attract important species that help control mosquitoes and are struggling with loss of habitat.</p><br>
<p>In 2011 the town undertook a project to eradicate a batch of invasive perennial pepperweed found among the beach plants.</p><br>
<p>First National Bank of Port Jefferson is a historic bank building located at Port Jefferson in Suffolk County, New York. It is a -story brick building with a 2-story turret that projects from the second story of the southwest corner and rises above the roofline. The turret has a steeply pitched, cone shaped slate roof and three windows on both levels. The main entrance to the building used to be directly below the turret, but was made into a window around 1949 when a 1-story brick, flat-roofed addition was built on the east side of the bank building. In 1948, the building ceased being used for a bank and was purchased by the Town of Brookhaven, who completed the 1-story addition the following year.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005. In 2016 the buildings interior was remodeled to include first floor Retail space and two luxury residential apartments on the second floor.</p><br>
